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1.
J. bras. pneumol ; 42(1): 9-14, Jan.-Feb. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-776473

ABSTRACT

Objective : To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and pentoxifylline in a model of remote organ injury after hind-limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats, the lungs being the remote organ system. Methods : Thirty-five male Wistar rats were assigned to one of five conditions (n = 7/group), as follows: sham operation (control group); hind-limb ischemia, induced by clamping the left femoral artery, for 2 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion (I/R group); and hind-limb ischemia, as above, followed by intraperitoneal injection (prior to reperfusion) of 150 mg/kg of NAC (I/R+NAC group), 40 mg/kg of pentoxifylline (I/R+PTX group), or both (I/R+NAC+PTX group). At the end of the trial, lung tissues were removed for histological analysis and assessment of oxidative stress. Results : In comparison with the rats in the other groups, those in the I/R group showed lower superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels, together with higher malondialdehyde levels and lung injury scores (p < 0.05 for all). Interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration of the lungs was also markedly greater in the I/R group than in the other groups. In addition, I/R group rats showed various signs of interstitial edema and hemorrhage. In the I/R+NAC, I/R+PTX, and I/R+NAC+PTX groups, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione levels, malondialdehyde levels, and lung injury scores were preserved (p < 0.05 for all). The differences between the administration of NAC or pentoxifylline alone and the administration of the two together were not significant for any of those parameters (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusions : Our results suggest that NAC and pentoxifylline both protect lung tissue from the effects of skeletal muscle I/R. However, their combined use does not appear to increase the level of that protection.


Objetivo : Investigar os efeitos da N-acetilcisteína (NAC) e pentoxifilina em um modelo de lesão pulmonar remota após isquemia/reperfusão (I/R) de membro posterior em ratos. Métodos : Trinta e cinco ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em cinco grupos (n = 7/grupo), cada qual submetido ao seguinte: operação simulada (grupo controle); isquemia de membro posterior, induzida por pinçamento da artéria femoral esquerda por 2 h, seguida por de 24 h de reperfusão (grupo I/R); e isquemia de membro posterior, como descrito acima, seguida de injeção intraperitoneal (antes da reperfusão) de 150 mg/kg de NAC (grupo I/R+NAC), 40 mg/kg de pentoxifilina (grupo I/R+PTX) ou ambas (grupo I/R+NAC+PTX). Ao final do experimento, tecidos pulmonares foram removidos para análise histológica e avaliação do estresse oxidativo. Resultados : Comparados aos ratos dos outros grupos, os do grupo I/R apresentaram menor atividade de superóxido dismutase e menores níveis de glutationa, além de maiores níveis de malondialdeído e maiores escores de lesão pulmonar (p < 0,05 para todos). Infiltração celular inflamatória intersticial dos pulmões também foi bem maior no grupo I/R do que nos outros grupos. Além disso, os ratos do grupo I/R apresentaram vários sinais de edema intersticial e hemorragia. Nos grupos I/R+NAC, I/R+PTX e I/R+NAC+PTX, a atividade de superóxido dismutase, níveis de glutationa, níveis de malondialdeído e escores de lesão pulmonar foram preservados (p < 0,05 para todos). As diferenças entre a administração de NAC ou pentoxifilina isoladamente e a das duas combinadas não foi significativa para nenhum desses parâmetros (p > 0,05 para todos). Conclusões : Nossos resultados sugerem que tanto NAC quanto pentoxifilina protegem o tecido pulmonar dos efeitos de I/R de músculo esquelético. Entretanto, seu uso combinado não parece aumentar o nível dessa proteção.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Acetylcysteine/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Ischemia/prevention & control , Lung Injury/prevention & control , Lung/blood supply , Pentoxifylline/pharmacology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use , Glutathione/analysis , Hindlimb/blood supply , Lung Injury/pathology , Lung/drug effects , Lung/pathology , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Oxidative Stress , Pentoxifylline/therapeutic use , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results , Superoxide Dismutase/analysis , Time Factors
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 105(2): 151-159, Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-757998

ABSTRACT

AbstractBackground:Organ injury occurs not only during periods of ischemia but also during reperfusion. It is known that ischemia reperfusion (IR) causes both remote organ and local injuries.Objective:This study evaluated the effects of tramadol on the heart as a remote organ after acute hindlimb IR.Methods:Thirty healthy mature male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into three groups: Group I (sham), Group II (IR), and Group III (IR + tramadol). Ischemia was induced in anesthetized rats by left femoral artery clamping for 3 h, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Tramadol (20 mg/kg, intravenous) was administered immediately prior to reperfusion. At the end of the reperfusion, animals were euthanized, and hearts were harvested for histological and biochemical examination.Results:The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were higher in Groups I and III than those in Group II (p < 0.05). In comparison with other groups, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in Group II were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and this increase was prevented by tramadol. Histopathological changes, including microscopic bleeding, edema, neutrophil infiltration, and necrosis, were scored. The total injuryscore in Group III was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with Group II.Conclusion:From the histological and biochemical perspectives, treatment with tramadol alleviated the myocardial injuries induced by skeletal muscle IR in this experimental model.


ResumoFundamento:Lesões a órgãos ocorrem não apenas durante períodos de isquemia, mas paradoxalmente, também durante a reperfusão. Sabe-se que a reperfusão pós-isquêmica (RPI) causa lesões tanto remotas quanto locais no órgão afetado.Objetivo:Este estudo avaliou os efeitos do tramadol no coração como órgão remoto, após RPI aguda dos membros posteriores.Métodos:Trinta ratos Wistar, machos, adultos e saudáveis, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo I (controle), Grupo II (RPI) e Grupo III (RPI + tramadol). Isquemia foi induzida em ratos anestesiados através do pinçamento da artéria femoral esquerda por 3 horas, seguidas de 3 horas de reperfusão. Tramadol foi administrado (20 mg/kg, IV) imediatamente antes da reperfusão. Ao final da reperfusão, os animais foram sacrificados e seus corações coletados para exames histológicos e bioquímicos.Resultados:Os níveis de superóxido-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa-peroxidase (GPx) foram maiores nos grupos I e III que no grupo II (p < 0.05). Em comparação aos outros grupos, os níveis tissulares de malondialdeído (MDA) estavam significativamente mais elevados no grupo II (p < 0.05), o que foi evitado pelo uso de tramadol. Foram pontuadas as alterações histopatológicas, incluindo micro-hemorragia, edema, infiltração por neutrófilos e necrose. A pontuação total das lesões do grupo III foi significativamente menor (p < 0.05) em comparação ao grupo II.Conclusão:Do ponto de vista histológico e bioquímico, o tratamento com tramadol diminuiu as lesões miocárdicas induzidas pela RPI da musculatura esquelética neste modelo experimental.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Ischemia/prevention & control , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Narcotics/pharmacology , Tramadol/pharmacology , Femoral Artery , Heart/drug effects , Hindlimb/blood supply , Ischemia/complications , Ischemia/drug therapy , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/etiology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Narcotics/therapeutic use , Oxidoreductases/analysis , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tramadol/therapeutic use
3.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 41(3): 576-583, May-June 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755872

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTObjective

The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) on remote testicular injury caused by unilateral hind limb ischemia/reperfusion of rats.

Materials and Methods

Twenty healthy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into two groups: ischemia/reperfusion (IR group) and ischemia/reperfusion + pentoxifylline (IR+PTX group). Ischemia was induced by placement of a rubber tourniquet at the greater trochanter for 2h. Rats in IR+PTX group received PTX (40 mg/kg IP) before the reperfusion period. At 24h after reperfusion, testes were removed and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were determined in testicular tissues. Three rats of each group were used for wet/ dry weight ratio measurement. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically under light microscopy.

Results

Activities of SOD and CAT in testicular tissues were decreased by ischemia/ reperfusion (P<0.05). Significantly increased MDA levels in testicular tissues were decreased by PTX treatment (P<0.05). MPO activity in testicular tissues in the IR group was significantly higher than in the IR+PTX group (P<0.05). The wet/dry weight ratio of testicular tissues in the IR group was significantly higher than in the IR+PTX group (P<0.05). Histopathologically, there was a statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions

According to histological and biochemical findings, we conclude that PTX has preventive effects in the testicular injury induced by hind limb ischemia/reperfusion.

.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Hindlimb/blood supply , Pentoxifylline/pharmacology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Testis/drug effects , Catalase/analysis , Disease Models, Animal , Ischemia/complications , Ischemia/prevention & control , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Peroxidase/analysis , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results , Reperfusion Injury/complications , Superoxide Dismutase/analysis , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Testis/chemistry , Testis/metabolism , Testis/pathology
4.
Acta cir. bras ; 28(5): 361-366, May 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674156

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate whether cilostazol has a protective effect on acute ischemia and reperfusion of hind limbs of rats through study of biochemical variables in blood and urine. METHODS: Forty six animals were randomized and divided into two groups. Group I received a solution of cilostazol (10 mg/Kg) and group II received saline solution 0.9% (SS) by orogastric tube after ligature of the abdominal aorta. After four hours of ischemia the animals were divided into four subgroups: group IA (Cilostazol): two hours of reperfusion. Group IIA (SS): two hours of reperfusion. Group IB (Cilostazol): six hours of reperfusion. Group IIB (SS) six hours of reperfusion. After the reperfusion period, was held to collect urine and blood for biochemical measurements. The biochemical parameters studied were: urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and myoglobin in blood and urea, creatinine, myoglobin in urine. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION: Cilostazol had no protective effect on ischemic acute reperfusion of hind limbs of rats in this model.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Hindlimb/blood supply , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Tetrazoles/pharmacology , Creatinine/blood , Creatinine/urine , Disease Models, Animal , Myoglobin/blood , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Urea/blood , Urea/urine
5.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 923-930, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-184186

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of a rat model on hindlimb ischemia induced by embolization from the administration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles or N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced by embolization with NBCA (n = 4), PVA (n = 4) or surgical excision (n = 4) in a total of 12 Sprague-Dawley rats. On days 0, 7 and 14, the time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) and enhanced MRI were obtained as scheduled by using a 3T-MR scanner. The clinical ischemic index, volume change and degree of muscle necrosis observed on the enhanced MRI in the ischemic hindlimb were being compared among three groups using the analysis of variance. Vascular patency on TOF-MRA was evaluated and correlated with angiographic findings when using an inter-rater agreement test. RESULTS: There was a technical success rate of 100% for both the embolization and surgery groups. The clinical ischemic index did not significantly differ. On day 7, the ratios of the muscular infarctions were 0.436, 0.173 and 0 at thigh levels and 0.503, 0.337 and 0 at calf levels for the NBCA, PVA and surgery groups, respectively. In addition, the embolization group presented increased volume and then decreased volume on days 7 and 14, respectively. The surgery group presented a gradual volume decrease. Good correlation was shown between the TOF-MRA and angiographic findings (kappa value of 0.795). CONCLUSION: The examined hindlimb ischemia model using embolization with NBCA and PVA particles in rats is a feasible model for further research, and muscle necrosis was evident as compared with the surgical model.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Disease Models, Animal , Embolization, Therapeutic/adverse effects , Enbucrilate/administration & dosage , Feasibility Studies , Hindlimb/blood supply , Injections, Intra-Arterial , Ischemia/chemically induced , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Polyvinyl Alcohol/administration & dosage , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tissue Adhesives/administration & dosage
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(11): 783-788, Nov. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-654245

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of cilostazol, in kidney and skeletal muscle of rats submitted to acute ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS: Fourty three animals were randomized and divided into two groups. Group I received a solution of cilostazol (10 mg/Kg) and group II received saline solution 0.9% (SS) by orogastric tube after ligature of the abdominal aorta. After four hours of ischemia the animals were divided into four subgroups: group IA (Cilostazol): two hours of reperfusion. Group IIA (SS): two hours of reperfusion. Group IB (Cilostazol): six hours of reperfusion. Group IIB (SS) six hours of reperfusion. After reperfusion, a left nephrectomy was performed and removal of the muscles of the hind limb. The histological parameters were studied. In kidney cylinders of myoglobin, vacuolar degeneration and acute tubular necrosis. In muscle interstitial edema, inflammatory infiltrate, hypereosinophilia fiber, cariopicnose and necrosis. Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION: Cilostazol had no protective effect on the kidney and the skeletal striated muscle in rats submitted to acute ischemia and reperfusion in this model.


OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito do cilostazol no rim e na musculatura esquelética de ratos submetidos à isquemia aguda e reperfusão. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e três animais foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos. Grupo I recebeu solução de cilostazol (10 mg/Kg) e Grupo II recebeu solução fisiológica a 0,9% (SF), após ligadura da aorta abdominal. Decorridas quatro horas de isquemia os animais foram distribuídos em quatro subgrupos: Grupo IA (Cilostazol): duas horas de reperfusão. Grupo IIA (SF): duas horas de reperfusão. Grupo IB (Cilostazol): seis horas de reperfusão. Grupo IIB (SF): seis horas de reperfusão. Após a reperfusão, realizou-se nefrectomia esquerda e a retirada da musculatura de membro posterior. Os parâmetros histológicos estudados em rim foram cilindros de mioglobina, degeneração vacuolar e necrose tubular. Em músculo foram edema, infiltrado inflamatório, hipereosinofilia de fibras, cariopicnose e necrose. A apoptose foi avaliada por imunohistoquímica, através da caspase-3 clivada e TUNEL. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: O cilostazol não teve efeito protetor sobre o rim e sobre a musculatura estriada esquelética em ratos Wistar submetidos à isquemia aguda e reperfusão no modelo estudado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Hindlimb/blood supply , Hindlimb/drug effects , Ischemia/drug therapy , Kidney/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Tetrazoles/pharmacology , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , /analysis , Disease Models, Animal , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Kidney/blood supply , Kidney/pathology , Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tetrazoles/therapeutic use , Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use
7.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 1073-1078, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-154181

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of erythropoietin (Epo) on both acute and chronic limb ischemia (ALI and CLI) and to evaluate the differences in mechanisms according to the method of Epo administration. Hindlimb ischemia was made in BALB/c mice with femoral artery ligation. The mice were divided into four groups: Group 1 (control, no treatment), Group 2 (ALI, early multiple doses), Group 3 (ALI, early single high dose), Group 4 (CLI, late multiple doses). Blood flow ratio significantly increased in Group 2 in 4 weeks. Expression of pAkt and Erythropoietin receptor were significantly higher in Group 2 on postoperative day (POD) 7. The number of CD31- and vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cells were significantly higher in Group 2 on POD 7 and 56. Group 3 and 4 showed a tendency of higher cell counts than the control. The early sustained Epo was effective in improving blood flow through angiogenesis. In chronic phase, weekly multiple dosing of Epo induced angiogenesis, however, the blood flow ratio did not increase significantly. The results of this study suggest that Epo administration during the acute phase followed by maintenance for several days may be important for increasing blood flow and angiogenesis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Erythropoietin/pharmacology , Hindlimb/blood supply , Ischemia/metabolism , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
8.
Clinics ; 67(2): 171-178, 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614642

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The clinical significance of ischemia/reperfusion of the lower extremities demands further investigation to enable the development of more effective therapeutic alternatives. This study investigated the changes in the vascular reactivity of the rabbit femoral artery and nitric oxide metabolites under partial ischemia/ reperfusion conditions following cilostazol administration. METHODS: Ischemia was induced using infrarenal aortic clamping. The animals were randomly divided into seven groups: Control 90 minutes, Ischemia/Reperfusion 90/60 minutes, Control 120 minutes, Ischemia/Reperfusion 120/90 minutes, Cilostazol, Cilostazol before Ischemia/Reperfusion 120/90 minutes, and Ischemia 120 minutes/Cilostazol/ Reperfusion 90 minutes. Dose-response curves for sodium nitroprusside, acetylcholine, and the calcium ionophore A23187 were obtained in isolated femoral arteries. The levels of nitrites and nitrates in the plasma and skeletal muscle were determined using chemiluminescence. RESULTS: Acetylcholine-and A23187-induced relaxation was reduced in the Ischemia/Reperfusion 120/90 group, and treatment with cilostazol partially prevented this ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelium impairment. Only cilostazol treatment increased plasma levels of nitrites and nitrates. An elevation in the levels of nitrites and nitrates was observed in muscle tissues in the Ischemia/Reperfusion 120/90, Cilostazol/Ischemia/Reperfusion, and Ischemia/ Cilostazol/Reperfusion groups. CONCLUSION: Hind limb ischemia/reperfusion yielded an impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of the femoral artery. Furthermore, cilostazol administration prior to ischemia exerted a protective effect on endotheliumdependent vascular reactivity under ischemia/reperfusion conditions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Femoral Artery/drug effects , Ischemia/prevention & control , Nitric Oxide/blood , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Tetrazoles/administration & dosage , Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Hindlimb/blood supply , Ischemia/chemically induced , Ischemia/metabolism , Random Allocation , Reperfusion Injury/chemically induced , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
9.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(6): 490-495, Nov.-Dec. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-604199

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe a method for the assessment of gait dynamics in rats submitted to limb ischemia. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats (150-160g) were used. Twelve animals were submitted to limb ischemia by ligation of the common left iliac artery (ischemic group: n = 12); and a sham-operated group was used as control (n=12). After a recovery period of 6 weeks, gait dynamics was assessed by counting the complete footprints and the number of hindlimb-floor contacts during a treadmill test for five minutes at a speed of 12 m.min-1 and angulation of 15°. The number of contacts of the left hindlimb was divided by the right hindlimb values (LRR) for group comparisons. Ischemic disability was quantified by comparing the area under curve (AUC) created by plotting each contact versus time for each hindlimb. The left hindlimb ischemic disability index (LHDI), which was compared between groups, was defined by the formula: LHDI = (1- AUC left / AUC right) x 100. RESULTS: Surgery was well tolerated by all animals. Rats did not suffer tissue loss or ulcerations. Complete footprint LRR was 0.3 ± 0.08 for the ischemic group and 1.3 ± 0.9 for controls (p=0.0043). Number of contacts LLR was 0.5 ± 0.2 for the ischemic group and 1.0 ± 0.1 for the control group (p=0.0051). LHDI was 56.83 ± 10.67 for the ischemic group and 2.50 ± 13.10 for the control group (P = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Assessment of gait dynamics in rats submitted to limb ischemia could be done by footprint analysis and hindlimb contact recording during a treadmill test.


OBJETIVO: Descrever um método para avaliar a dinâmica da marcha em ratos submetidos à isquemia de membro pélvico. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar machos (150-160g) foram utilizados neste estudo experimental. Doze animais foram submetidos à isquemia de membro pélvico por meio da ligadura da artéria ilíaca comum esquerda (grupo isquêmico: n=12); e doze animais foram submetidos à cirurgia simulada e usados como controle (grupo controle: n=12). Após seis semanas de recuperação, foi realizada avaliação da dinâmica da marcha por meio da contagem de impressões plantares e da contagem de contatos pata-solo durante teste com esteira durante cinco minutos, velocidade 12 m.min-1 e angulação de 15°. Os valores do número de contatos do membro pélvico esquerdo foram divididos pelos do membro pélvico direito (razão esquerda-direita - LRR) para comparação entre os grupos. A quantificação da incapacitação isquêmica foi feita comparando a área sob a curva (AUC) da representação gráfica dos contatos versus tempo para cada membro pélvico. O índice de incapacitação isquêmica do membro pélvico esquerdo (LHDI), que foi comparado entre os grupos, foi definido pela fórmula: LHDI = (1- AUC esquerda / AUC direito) x 100. RESULTADOS: A cirurgia foi bem tolerada por todos os animais. Nenhum rato apresentou necrose tecidual ou ulceração. A LRR das impressões plantares completas foi 0,3 ± 0,08 no grupo isquêmico e 1,3 ± 0,9 no grupo controle (p=0,0043). A LRR do número de contatos foi 0,5 ± 0,2 no grupo isquêmico e 1,0 ± 0,1 no grupo controle (p=0,0051). O LHDI foi 56,83 ± 10,67 no grupo isquêmico e 2,50 ± 13,10 no grupo controle (p=0,031). CONCLUSÃO: Avaliação da dinâmica da marcha em ratos submetidos à isquemia de membro pélvico pôde ser feita por meio da contagem de impressões plantares e da contagem de contatos pata-solo durante teste com esteira.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Gait/physiology , Hindlimb/blood supply , Iliac Artery/physiopathology , Ischemia/physiopathology , Hindlimb/physiopathology , Iliac Artery/surgery , Rats, Wistar
10.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(1): 58-63, jan.-fev. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-572235

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Angiogenesis involves many mediators including integrins, and the tripeptide RGD is a target amino acid recognition sequence for many of them. Hindlimb ischemia is a simple and convenient animal model however standardization of the injection procedures in the devascularized and control limb is lacking, thus rendering difficult the interpretation of results. The aim of this investigations was to evaluate neovascularization in a hindlimb murine model by means of 99mTc-HYNIC-ß-Ala-RGD. Methods: 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD analog was prepared using coligands. Ischemia was induced in Wistar rats by double- ligation of the common femoral artery. Radiolabeled RGD was injected after 2h, as well as 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days. Uptake was evaluated by planar imaging and biodistribution studies. Results: The highest ratio between ischemia and control was achieved at the 7th day (2.62 ± 0.95), with substantial decrease by the 14th day. For pertechnetate the 7th day ratio was 0.87 ± 0.23. Scintigraphic image confirmed different uptakes. Conclusion: 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD analog concentrated in ischemic tissue by the time of widespread angiogenesis and pertechnetate confirmed reduction in blood flow. In this sense, the protocol can be recommended for ischemic models.


Objetivo: A angiogênese em resposta a fenômenos isquêmicos envolve vários mediadores como as integrinas, sendo que o tripeptídeo RGD possui uma seqüência de aminoácidos com reconhecimento para este alvo. O modelo animal de isquemia de pata traseira é simples e conveniente, porém não há uma padronização do procedimento de injeção e controle radioisotópico em membro desvascularizado, dificultando, portanto a interpretação de resultados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a neovascularização em modelo murino de isquemia de pata traseira através do radiotraçador 99mTc-HYNIC-ß-Ala-RGD. Métodos: O análogo 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD foi preparado usando coligantes. A isquemia foi induzida em ratos Wistar por dupla-ligação da artéria femoral comum na prega inguinal. Peptídeo RGD radiomarcado foi injetado após 2h, assim como 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 e 14 dias. A captação foi avaliada por imagem planar e estudos de biodistribuição. Resultados: A maior diferença de captação entre isquemia e pata controle foi obtida no 7º dia (2,62 ± 0,95), com decréscimo acentuado no 14º dia. Para o pertecnetato a razão no 7º dia foi 0,87 ± 0,23. A imagem cintilográfica confirmou as diferentes captações. Conclusões: O análogo 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD concentrou-se no tecido isquêmico na etapa em que a angiogênese é mais acentuada, e o estudo do pertecnetato confirmou a redução no fluxo sanguíneo. Desta maneira, este protocolo diagnóstico pode ser recomendado para modelos isquêmicos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Hindlimb/blood supply , Ischemia/physiopathology , Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology , Organotechnetium Compounds , Radiopharmaceuticals , Amino Acid Sequence , Conserved Sequence , Hindlimb/metabolism , Hindlimb , Ischemia , Oligopeptides , Organotechnetium Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Rats, Wistar , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Tissue Distribution
11.
Acta cir. bras ; 24(5): 338-346, Sept.-Oct. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-529151

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Acute ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of extremities means serious challenge in the clinical practice. Furthermore, the issue of preventive cooling is still controversial. In this canine model we investigated whether limb I/R -with or without cooling- has an influence on hematological and hemostaseological factors. METHODS: Femoral vessels were exposed and clamped for 3 hours. After release the clamps, 4-hour reperfusion was secured. The same procedures with cooling using ice bags, as well as warm and cold sham-operations were performed. Before operations, from the excluded limb by the end of ischemia, during the reperfusion, and for 5 postoperative days afterwards blood samples were collected for testing hematological and blood coagulation parameters. RESULTS: After I/R activated partial thromboplastin time was elongated on 2nd-4th postoperative days. The highest values were on the 2nd day in cold I/R group, accompanied by increased prothrombin time values. The hematological parameters and fibrinogen level showed non-specific changes. In excluded ischemic limb the blood composition showed controversial data. Cold ischemia induced larger alterations, however platelet count, hematocrit changed more expressly in warm ischemia. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the risk of coagulopathy following limb I/R on early post-eventually days, which risk is higher in the case of cold I/R.


OBJETIVO: Isquemia-Reperfusão aguda (I/R) de extremidades representa um desafio sério na prática clínica. Além disso, o tema de prevenção pelo resfriamento é ainda controverso. Nesse modelo canino, investigou-se se I/R de membros -com ou sem resfriamento- tem influência nos fatores hematológicos e hemostaseológicos. MÉTODOS: Os vasos femorais foram expostos e clampeados por 3 horas. Após liberação dos clampes, foi realizada a reperfusão por 4-horas. Os mesmos procedimentos com e sem resfriamento usando bolsas de gelo, assim como operações simuladas com e sem resfriamento foram realizados. Antes das operações, do membro excluído ao final da isquemia, durante a reperfusão e por 5 dias de pós-operatório, amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas para exames hematológicos e parâmetros de coagulação. RESULTADOS: Após I/R, o tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada foi alargado no 2º.-4º. dias de pós-operatório. Os valores mais altos foram no 2º.dia no grupo deI/R fria, acompanhada pelo aumento dos valores do tempo de protrombina. Os parâmetros hematológicos e o nível de fibrinogênio mostraram mudanças não específicas. No membro isquêmico excluído a composição sanguínea mostrou dados controversos. A isquemia fria induziu maiores alterações, entretanto, a contagem de plaquetas e o hematócrito mudaram mais expressivamente na isquemia morna. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados indicam risco de coagulopatia após I/R de membros nos dias mais precoces após o evento, sendo mais elevado no caso da I/R fria.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Blood Coagulation Disorders/blood , Cold Temperature/adverse effects , Hindlimb/blood supply , Ischemia/blood , Lower Extremity/blood supply , Reperfusion Injury/blood , Body Temperature , Blood Coagulation Disorders/etiology , Disease Models, Animal , Fibrinogen/analysis , Hemorheology , Hemostasis , Random Allocation , Reperfusion Injury/complications
12.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 42(10): 921-929, Oct. 2009. graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-526187

ABSTRACT

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a strategy used to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury, consists of brief ischemic periods, each followed by reperfusion, prior to a sustained ischemic insult. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the local and systemic anti-inflammatory effects of hind limb IPC in male Wistar rat (200-250 g) models of acute inflammation. IPC was induced with right hind limb ischemia for 10 min by placing an elastic rubber band tourniquet on the proximal part of the limb followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Groups (N = 6-8) were submitted to right or left paw edema (PE) with carrageenan (100 µg) or Dextran (200 µg), hemorrhagic cystitis with ifosfamide (200 mg/kg, ip) or gastric injury (GI) with indomethacin (20 mg/kg, vo). Controls received similar treatments, without IPC (Sham-IPC). PE is reported as variation of paw volume (mL), vesical edema (VE) as vesical wet weight (mg), vascular permeability (VP) with Evans blue extravasation (µg), GI with the gastric lesion index (GLI; total length of all erosions, mm), and neutrophil migration (NM) from myeloperoxidase activity. The statistical significance (P < 0.05) was determined by ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test. Carrageenan or Dextran-induced PE and VP in either paw were reduced by IPC (42-58.7 percent). IPC inhibited VE (38.8 percent) and VP (54 percent) in ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. GI and NM induced by indomethacin were inhibited by IPC (GLI: 90.3 percent; NM: 64 percent). This study shows for the first time that IPC produces local and systemic anti-inflammatory effects in models of acute inflammation other than ischemia-reperfusion injury.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cystitis/prevention & control , Edema/prevention & control , Hindlimb/blood supply , Inflammation/prevention & control , Ischemic Preconditioning/methods , Stomach Diseases/prevention & control , Acute Disease , Carrageenan , Cystitis/chemically induced , Edema/chemically induced , Ifosfamide , Indomethacin , Inflammation/chemically induced , Rats, Wistar , Stomach Diseases/chemically induced
13.
Acta cir. bras ; 23(1): 29-35, Jan.-Feb. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-474137

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) on remote kidney injury caused by muscle ischemia of left hindlimb of rats. METHODS: After xylazine and ketamine anesthesia, the left hindlimb of rats (n=66) were submitted to 6 hours ischemia (clamping the left common iliac artery). Three groups were used: sham group (SG, n=6), early group (EG, n=30) with reperfusion after 4 hours and late group (LG, n=30) with reperfusion after 24 hours. The saline solution (EG1, n=10 and LG1, n=10) or PTX (40mg.Kg-1) was administered in the reperfusion beginning (EG2, n=10/LG2, n=10) or divided in two doses in the ischemia beginning and reperfusion beginning (EG3, n=10/LG3, n=10). The plasmatic creatinokinase, urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium values were measure and histological samples from left kidney were prepared and H&E stained for scored cellular necrosis and degeneration of kidney tubules and thickness glomerulus determination. The apoptosis index was determined by immunohistochemical expression of the caspase-3. The tests of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05) were applied. RESULTS: The urea (90.5 ± 30.96 mg.dL-1), creatinine (2.28 ± 0.54 mg.dL-1), potassium (16 ± 3.66 mmol.dL-1) and mesangium thickness (0.97 ± 0.42 µm) values were significantly higher in group LG3. There was no significantly difference of caspase 3 expression between EG2 (16.35 ± 1.65 percent) and LG3 (15.57 ± 2.54 percent), and both were significantly worse than SG (9.8 ± 1.98 percent). CONCLUSIONS: The PTX has some protecting effect on remote kidney injury due to hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury only in the early phase of reperfusion.


OBJETIVO: Estudar o papel da pentoxifilina (PTX) nas lesões à distância no rim causadas pela isquemia no membro posterior esquerdo de ratos. MÉTODOS: Sob anestesia com xilazina e quetamina, o membro posterior de ratos (n=66) foi submetido a 6 horas de isquemia pelo clampeamento da artéria ilíaca comum esquerda. Foram estudados três grupos: grupo simulado (SG, n=6), grupo precoce (EG, n=30) após quatro horas de reperfusão e grupo tardio (LG, n=30) após 24 de reperfusão. A solução salina (EG1, n=10 e LG1, n=10) ou a PTX (40mg.Kg-1) foram administradas no início da reperfusão(EG2, n=10/LG2, n=10) ou divididas em duas aplicações no início da isquemia e no início da reperfusão (EG3, n=10/LG3, n=10). Foram medidos os valores plasmáticos da creatinofosfoquinase, uréia, creatinina, sódio e potássio. Amostras do rim esquerdo foram preparadas e coradas em HE para realizar o escore de necrose de células tubulares renais ou presença de obstrução tubular renal na área do córtex renal e da presença do espessamento do mesângio glomerular. O índice de apoptose foi determinado pela expressão imunoistoquímica da caspase-3. Foram aplicados os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05). RESULTADOS: a dosagem de uréia (90,5 ± 30,96 mg.dL-1), creatinina (2,28 ± 0,54 mg.dL-1), potássio (16 ± 3,66 mmol.dL-1) e a espessura do mesângio(0,97 ± 0,42 µm) foram significantemente maiores nos animais do grupo LG3. Não houve diferença significante na expressão da caspase-3 entre os grupos EG2 (16,35 ± 1,65 por cento) e LG3 (15,57 ± 2,54 por cento) e ambos foram significantemente piores que o grupo SG (9,8 ± 1,98 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A PTX oferece algum efeito protetor nas lesões à distância nos rins de animais submetidos à lesão de isquemia e reperfusão de membro posterior, no período de até quatro horas após a reperfusão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Hindlimb/blood supply , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Kidney/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply , Pentoxifylline/pharmacology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , /metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Hindlimb/pathology , Kidney Diseases/metabolism , Kidney/injuries , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Pentoxifylline/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric
14.
Acta cir. bras ; 22(supl.1): 34-39, 2007. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-449612

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the hind limbs or intestinal tract is the most important initiator of the inflammatory response secondary aortic clamping and hind limb ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Blood samples of Wistar rats obtained from posterior cava vein, portal vein, and heart cavity during either laparotomy (control group, n=8) or laparotomy + 2 h of aortic clamping and bilateral hind limb ischemia (ischemia group, n=8), or 2 h after ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion (ischemia-reperfusion group, n=8) were assayed for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: Serum IL-6 at the heart (223.6±197.9 [10-832] pg/mL) was higher (p<0.001) than at both portal (133.08±108.52 [4-372] pg/mL) and posterior cava veins (127.58±109.15 [8-388] pg/mL). CRP was not significant different among groups. CONCLUSION: The splanchnic region is also a source of inflammatory response secondary to ischemia and reperfusion of the hind limbs.


OBJETIVO: Investigar qual o principal mediador da resposta inflamatória na lesao de isquemia/reperfusão após clampeamento da aorta abdominal e isquemia dos membros inferiores: o intestine ou as extremidades inferiores. MÉTODOS: amostra de sangue de ratos Wistar coletados da cava posterior, porta e cavidade cardíaca during tanto laparotomia (grupo controle n=8) ou laparotomia + 2 horas de clampeamento aórtico e isquemia bilateral de membros posteriores (grupo isquemia n=8), ou 2 h de isquemia seguido por 2 horas de reperfusão (grupo isquemia/reperfusão n=8), onde foram dosados interleucina 6 e proteína C-reativa. RESULTADOS: Il-6 no coração (223.6±197.9 [10-832] pg/mL) foi maior (p<0.001) tanto na veia porta (133.08±108.52 [4-372] pg/mL) quanto na veia cava posterior (127.58±109.15 [8-388] pg/mL). PCR não foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: o trato intestinal foi responsável pela resposta inflamatória secundária a lesão de isquemia/reperfusão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Gastrointestinal Tract/blood supply , Hindlimb/blood supply , /biosynthesis , Ischemia/etiology , Reperfusion Injury/etiology , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Inflammation Mediators/physiology , /blood , Rats, Wistar , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/etiology
15.
Acta cir. bras ; 20(6): 445-449, nov.-dez. 2005. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-417059

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Investigar alterações dos parâmetros metabólicos no sangue e rim de ratos submetidos à isquemia/reperfusão do membro pélvico. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e oito ratos machos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos pré-tratados com administração intragástrica de solução salina 2,0 mL (G-1) ou L-alanil-glutamina 0,75 mgKg-1(G-2), uma vez ao dia (7:00h) durante 7 dias. Uma hora após a última gavagem todos os ratos foram anestesiados com éter dietílico, laparotomizados e submetidos ao pinçamento da artéria de ilíaca esquerda, durante 3 horas. Amostras foram coletadas ao término de isquemia e durante a reperfusão (1-3-6h) para determinação das concentrações in vivo de piruvato, lactato, glicose e corpos cetônicos (rim e sangue) e ATP (rim). RESULTADOS: Lactacemia e cetonemia aumentaram no grupo G-2 quando comparadas às aferidas em ratos não-tratados, durante a reperfusão. As concentrações de piruvato diminuíram e de lactato aumentaram significativamente no rim, durante a reperfusão (1h, 3h) em ratos do G-2 comparados aos respectivos controles. Houve um aumento significante nas concentrações renais de glicose, ATP e corpos cetônicos nos ratos tratados com L-alanil-glutamina durante a reperfusão (3h). CONCLUSÕES: A isquemia do membro pélvico em ratos pré-tratados com L-alanil-glutamina induz aumento da lactacemia e da concentração de lactato renal, indicando atividade glicolítica aumentada na medula renal. A hipercetonemia induzida pela oferta do dipeptídeo sugere cetogênese elevada, sinalizada por possível queda nas concentrações plasmáticas de insulina resultante da maior oxidação de glicose e utilização desse hormônio em tecidos periféricos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Dipeptides/pharmacology , Hindlimb/blood supply , Kidney/drug effects , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Lactic Acid/blood , Pyruvic Acid/blood , Ketones/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Blood Glucose/analysis , Ischemia/etiology , Ischemia/metabolism , Hindlimb/metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Kidney/metabolism , Statistics, Nonparametric , Reperfusion Injury/blood
16.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 77(2): 245-257, June 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-399099

ABSTRACT

Em animais anestesiados a EE do hipotálamo produz um padrão de ajustes cardiovasculares caracterizado por hipertensão arterial, taquicardia, vasodilatação muscular e vasoconstrição mesentérica, entretanto, os mecanismos periféricos envolvidos nestes ajustes cardiovasculares ainda não foram completamente esclarecidos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os mecanismos periféricos responsáveis pela redistribuição de fluxo sanguíneo produzidas pela EE do hipotálamo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que 1) em ratos anestesiados a EE do hipotálamo produziu hipertensão arterial, taquicardia, vasoconstrição no leito mesentérico e acentuada vasodilatação dos membros posteriores; 2) a combinação do bloqueio farmacológico de receptores a1 e a2 adrenérgicos com fentolamina mais adrenalectomia bilateral reduziu a vasoconstrição mesentérica e a vasodilatação dos membros posteriores. Nestes animais o bloqueio da síntese de NO com L-NAME provocou nova redução significante da vasodilatação dos membros posteriores; 3) a administração de L-NAME, previamente o bloqueio farmacológico com fentolamina mais adrenalectomia bilateral, reduziu as respostas de vasoconstrição mesentérica e de vasodilatação dos membros posteriores. Estes resultados sugerem a existência de pelo menos três possíveis mecanismos responsáveis pela vasodilatação dos membros posteriores induzida pela EE do hipotálamo: 1) ativação de receptores b-adrenérgicos por catecolaminas liberadas pela medula adrenal; 2) redução do tono vasoconstritor simpático e 3) um terceiro mecanismo que utiliza NO como mediador.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Electric Stimulation/methods , Hemodynamics , Hypothalamus/physiology , Nitric Oxide/physiology , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Vasodilation/physiology , Adrenalectomy , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/pharmacology , Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology , Hemodynamics , Hindlimb/blood supply , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology , Pentobarbital/pharmacology , Phentolamine/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Regional Blood Flow/drug effects , Vasodilation/drug effects
17.
Acta cir. bras ; 20(2): 134-139, mar.-abr. 2005. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-397747

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito do tempo de isquemia sobre as alterações oxidativas, a capacidade antioxidante total e o óxido nítrico, no músculo, no rim e no plasma de ratos submetidos à isquemia e reperfusão de membros posteriores. MÉTODOS: 40 ratos machos foram distribuídos aleatóriamente em quatro grupos experimentais com 10 animais cada. Laparotomia, isolamento da aorta abdominal infra e justa renal. Grupos 1 e 3 (simulados) passagem do fio monofilamentar de polipropileno 7-0 ao redor da aorta sem liga-la e espera de 1 hora para o grupo 1 e de 6 horas para o grupo 3. Retirada do fio, espera de 15 minutos, eutanásia e colheita do material. Grupos 2 e 4 (experimentos), ligadura da aorta abdominal com o mesmo fio e isquemia de 1 hora no grupo 2 e de 6 horas no grupo 4. Retirada do fio e reperfusão por 15 minutos. Eutanásia e colheita de sangue por escoamento, músculo da pata posterior esquerda e rim esquerdo. Os parâmetros verificados foram: malondialdeído, capacidade antioxidante total e óxido nítrico. RESULTADOS: Utilizou-se o teste "t"de Student e o teste de MANN-WHITNEY como testes não paramétricos e fixou-se em 0,05 ou 5 por cento o nível de rejeição. Houve alterações estatísticamente significantes do malondialdeído no rim. A capacidade antioxidante total apresentou alterações significantes no rim, no músculo e no plasma enquanto que, o óxido nítrico, alterou apenas no plasma. CONCLUSÃO: A variação do tempo de isquemia provocou alterações significantes do malondialdeído, da capacidade antioxidante total e do óxido nítrico.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Hindlimb/blood supply , Oxidation-Reduction , Rats, Wistar
18.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 630-635, 2001.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-53145

ABSTRACT

This study was performed to establish an experimental model of ischemia for the investigation of new treatment modality of limb-threatening ischemia. We produced ischemia in the hindlimbs of 8 New Zealand white rabbits. Under general anesthesia, the left femoral artery was exposed, freed, and excised from distal external iliac artery to proximal popliteal and saphenous arteries. And then both hindlimbs were serially examined to assess the ischemia according to the time table until postoperative 6 weeks. We assessed clinical observation, blood pressure, radioisotopic perfusion scan, and angiography. Clinical ischemic changes of the operated feet were observed in 63%. The blood pressure of left calves was measurable on postoperative day 3 (p<0.05, vs preoperative day 2) and then gradually increased to reach a plateau in postoperative week 6. Radioisotopic arterial perfusion showed similar profiles as in blood pressure. Angiography of ischemic hindlimbs demonstrated a few collateral vessels arising from the internal iliac artery with the reconstitution of the posterior tibial artery in postoperative week 2. In postoperative week 6, collaterals remained the same in number. However, these became dilated and tortuous and showed reconstitution in distal hindleg. In conclusion, this is a reproducible, measurable, and economical animal model of hind limb ischemia.


Subject(s)
Male , Rabbits , Angiography , Animals , Blood Pressure , Disease Models, Animal , Hindlimb/blood supply , Ischemia/physiopathology
19.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 1983 Apr-Jun; 27(2): 129-34
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-106799

ABSTRACT

A new withanolide, with a unique chemical structure similar to the aglycones of the cardiac glycosides, with mol. wt. 488 6, m. p. 260-261 degrees, isolated from the fruits of Withania coagulans, was screened for cardiovascular effects. At doses of 5 mg/kg body weight, the withanolide produced a moderate fall of blood pressure in dogs (34 +/- 2.1, mm Hg) which was blocked by atropine and not by mepyramine or propranolol. In rabbit Langendorff preparation and ECG studies, it produced myocardial depressant effects but in perfused frog heart it produced mild positive inotropic and chronotropic effects.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anura , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Dogs , Electrocardiography , Ergosterol/analogs & derivatives , Heart/drug effects , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hindlimb/blood supply , Rabbits , Rats , Regional Blood Flow/drug effects , Respiration/drug effects
20.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 1980 Jan-Mar; 24(1): 68-70
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-107279

ABSTRACT

In rat hind-quarter perfusion experiments, glucagon (1 microgram) produced a significant vasodilation. On the other hand, in experiments with isolated perfused rabbit heart, glucagon (1 microgram) caused coronary vasoconstriction irrespective of whether noradrenaline was added to perfusion fluid or not. Glucagon had no effect on rate or force of contraction of heart.


Subject(s)
Animals , Coronary Circulation/drug effects , Glucagon/pharmacology , Heart Rate/drug effects , Hindlimb/blood supply , Myocardial Contraction/drug effects , Norepinephrine/pharmacology , Rabbits , Rats , Regional Blood Flow/drug effects , Vasodilator Agents
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