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1.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(2): 232-236, April.-June 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839371

ABSTRACT

Abstract Our aim in this study is to compare the standard culture method with the multiplex PCR and the Speed-Oligo® Bacterial Meningitis Test (SO-BMT) – a hybridization-based molecular test method – during the CSF examination of the patients with the pre-diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. For the purposes of this study, patients with acute bacterial meningitis treated at the Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Clinic between December 2009 and April 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was made based on the clinical findings, laboratory test anomalies, CSF analysis results, and the radiological images. Growth was observed in the CSF cultures of 10 out of the 57 patients included in the study (17.5%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in all of them. The CSF samples of 34 patients (59.6%) were positive according to the SO-BMT and S. pneumoniae was detected in 33 of the samples (97.05%), while Neisseria meningitidis was found in 1 sample (2.95%). In a total of 10 patients, S. pneumoniae was both isolated in the CSF culture and detected in the SO-BMT. The culture and the SO-BMT were negative in 23 of the CSF samples. There was no sample in which the CSF culture was positive although the SO-BMT was negative. While SO-BMT seems to be a more efficient method than bacterial culturing to determine the pathogens that most commonly cause bacterial meningitis in adults, further studies conducted on larger populations are needed in order to assess its efficiency and uses.


Subject(s)
Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods , Neisseria meningitidis/isolation & purification , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classification , Streptococcus pneumoniae/growth & development , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics , Cerebrospinal Fluid/microbiology , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Neisseria meningitidis/classification , Neisseria meningitidis/growth & development , Neisseria meningitidis/genetics
2.
Salvador; s.n; 2014. 89 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000934

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae é um dos agentes etiológicos mais importantes em infecções adquiridas na comunidade. Este patógeno coloniza o trato respiratório de indivíduos saudáveis, apresentando maior prevalência entre 1 e 2 anos de idade (aproximadamente 50%) e depois diminui com a idade adulta (aproximadamente 10%). A alta incidência das doenças pneumocócicas e a crescente resistência aos antimicrobianos, favoreceu a introdução das vacinas conjugadas (ano de 2000). Após a introdução das vacinas conjugadas foi observado à queda na incidência da doença pneumocócica e diminuição da prevalência de colonização por sorotipos vacinais. Em contrapartida vem sendo notado o aumento de casos de doença sorotipos não vacinais. Por isso a importância de verificar a dinâmica da colonização nasofaringeana por pneumococos em crianças < 5 anos de idade antes da introdução da vacina. Foram selecionadas radomicamente 203 crianças residentes da comunidade de Pau da Lima, Salvador, Bahia, das quais foi colhido a amostra nasofaringeana em quatro períodos durante um ano com intervalo de três a quatro meses entre cada coleta. No período de janeiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009 foram colhidos um total de 721 swabs, sendo 398 positivos para pneumococos (56%)...


Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most important etiologic agents in community-acquired infections. This pathogen colonizes the respiratory tract of healthy individuals shortly after birth, with higher prevalence of between 1 and 2 years of age (approximately 50%) and then decreases with age reaching adult rates below 10%. The high incidence and increasing antimicrobial resistance, favored the introduction of conjugate vaccines in 2000. After the introduction of conjugate vaccines a decreasing incidence of pneumococcal disease and carriage rates by vaccine serotypes was observed. In contrast we observe an increase in number of cases of disease and carriage by non-vaccine serotypes. Thus, this study aims to determine the dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization by pneumococci in children <5 years of age after introduced the conjugate vaccine. A total of 203 children were random selected at the community of Pau da Lima in Salvador, Bahia, of whom the nasopharyngeal swab was collected in four periods with interval of 3 to 4 months between each collection. A total of 721 swabs were collected from January 2008 to January 2009, with 398 positive for pneumococci (56%)...


Subject(s)
Streptococcus pneumoniae/growth & development , Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity , Vaccines/analysis , Vaccines/immunology , Vaccines/supply & distribution
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 30(4): 361-367, ago. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690524

ABSTRACT

Background:Accumulation of bacteria in the pharynx is one of the risk factors of pneumonia due to ventilation. One of the methods of prevention from accumulation of bacteria in the pharynx is the use of oral solutions. Chlorhexidine is considered as the gold standard, but it has various side effects. Aim:Present study was aimed to determine and compare anti-bacterial effects of the chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%, herbal mouthwash of Matrica® (chamomile extracts) 10%, PersicaTM 10% and normal saline in intensive care unit patients. Methods:In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 80 patients who were admitted in ICU divided into four groups of 20 patients each one. Researchers applied PersicaTM to group one, chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash 0.2% to group two and third group received Matrica, finally in the control group, normal saline were used. In order to culturing of Staphylococcus aureusand S. pneumoniae,salivary samples were obtained without any stimulation after six minimums oral rinsing. The data were processed in SPSS17 software and analyzed by appropriate statistical tests. Results:Decreased rate of bacterial colonies after intervention in the whole four groups was significant (p < 0.001). The mouth wash of chlorhexidine (p < 0.001), PersicaTM (p: 0.008) and Matrica (p: 0.01) had a significant antibacterial effect on S. aureusand S. pneumoniae(p < 0.001). Conclusion:Herbal oral mouthwash of persica and matrica has the effect on S. pneumoniae and S. aureusof oropharynx area in mechanically ventilated patients. However, there is a need for further research to be considered as an alternative to chlorhexidine for prevention of VALP in ICU patients.


Introducción:La presencia y acumulación de bacterias en la cavidad oral es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica. Uno de los métodos para prevenir esta acumulación en la faringe es el uso de soluciones orales. Al respecto, clorhexidina es considerada el estándar de oro, pero tiene varios efectos colaterales. Objetivo:Determinar y comparar el efecto antibacteriano de gluconato de chorhexidina al 0,2%, aseo bucal con preparado en base a hierba matrica (extracto de chamomile) al 10%, Persica® al 10% y solución salina fisiológica (NaCl 9%0) en pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos ingresados para ventilación mecánica. Métodos:Ensayo doble ciego, randomizado, sobre 80 pacientes ingresados en UCI, divididos en cuatro grupos de 20 miembros cada uno. El grupo I recibió Persica®, el grupo II aseo bucal con gluconato de clorhexidina al 0,2%, el grupo III recibió matrica y, finalmente, el grupo IV-control recibió solución salina fisiológica. Con la finalidad de cultivar Staphylococcus aureus yS. pneumoniae,se obtuvieron muestras de saliva sin efectuar estímulo alguno tras un mínimo de seis lavados bucales. Los datos fueron procesados en el software SPSS17 y analizados por tests estadísticos apropiados. Resultados:La disminución en el recuento de colonias bacterianas, después de la intervención, fue significativa en los cuatro grupos (p < 0,001). El aseo bucal con clorhexidina (p < 0,001), Persica® (p: 0,008) y matrica (p: 0,01) tuvo un significativo efecto antibacteriano sobre las especies S. aureusy S. pneumoniae(p < 0,001). Conclusión:El aseo bucal con solución en base a hierbas de Persica® y matrica tiene un efecto sobre S. pneumoniae y S. aureusde la cavidad oral en pacientes en régimen de ventilación mecánica. No obstante, se requiere de mayores estudios para considerarlo una alternativa a clorhexidina para la prevención de neumonías en pacientes de UCI.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Chlorhexidine/analogs & derivatives , Mouthwashes/administration & dosage , Plant Preparations/administration & dosage , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention & control , Prunus/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Colony Count, Microbial , Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage , Chlorhexidine/pharmacology , Double-Blind Method , Mouthwashes/pharmacology , Plant Preparations/pharmacology , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects , Streptococcus pneumoniae/growth & development , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification
4.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 608-613, 2006.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-191673

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in children with community-acquired pneumonia. Serum VEGF levels were measured in patients with pneumonia (n=29) and in control subjects (n=27) by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pneumonia group was classified into bronchopneumonia with pleural effusion (n=1), bronchopneumonia without pleural effusion (n=15), lobar pneumonia with pleural effusion (n=4), and lobar pneumonia without pleural effusion (n=9) groups based on the findings of chest radiographs. We also measured serum IL-6 levels and the other acute inflammatory parameters. Serum levels of VEGF in children with pneumonia were significantly higher than those in control subjects (p<0.01). Children with lobar pneumonia with or without effusion showed significantly higher levels of serum VEGF than children with bronchopneumonia. For lobar pneumonia, children with pleural effusion showed higher levels of VEGF than those without pleural effusion. Children with a positive urinary S. pneumonia antigen test also showed higher levels of VEGF than those with a negative result. Serum IL-6 levels did not show significant differences between children with pneumonia and control subjects. Serum levels of VEGF showed a positive correlation with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the children with pneumonia. In conclusion, VEGF may be one of the key mediators that lead to lobar pneumonia and parapneumonic effusion.


Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood , Streptococcus pneumoniae/growth & development , Pneumonia, Bacterial/blood , Pleural Effusion/blood , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/growth & development , Interleukin-6/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Community-Acquired Infections/blood , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
5.
Rev. med. interna ; 11(1): 8-11, jun. 2000. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-282645

ABSTRACT

Agregar Rifampicina a la Penicilina o 1-Ofloxacina, disminuyó la razón en la cual estos antibióticos daban muerte a 21 cepas clínicas de Streptococcus Pneumoniae en vitro. Un efecto inhibitorio menos pronunciado se observó cuando la rifampicina se agregó al ceftriaxone. Sinergismo no se observó en ninguna de las cepas bacterianas estudiadas. El estudio en vitro,demostró indiferencia o antagonismo usando estas combinaciones de antibióticos por lo que esta demostración va en contra de la adición empírica de rifampicina a los beta-lactámicos o a las fluroquinolonas en el tratamiento de infecciones serias por pneumococo


Subject(s)
Streptococcus pneumoniae/growth & development , Drug Resistance, Microbial , In Vitro Techniques
6.
Pediatr. edicion int ; 2(1): 25-7, abr.-jun. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-262821

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes. Es ampliamente conocido el crecimiento marcado en la proporción de S.pneumoniae resistente a la penicilina alrededor del mundo. Dada la importancia de este patógeno en la población pediátrica (otitis media, sisusitis, meningitis, neumonías), es necesario conocer la prevalencia de resistencia a Penicilina en cada población para orientar mejor el manejo antibiótico, ya que en la mayoría de casos se prescribirán tratamientos empíricos.Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de Streptococcus pneumoniae resistente a ala Penicilina aislado de cultivos nasofaríngeos en niños de la ciudad de Guatemala. Diseño. Estudio clínico prospectivo. Población. Doscientos niños entre 2 y 59 meses de edad. Metodología. Basados en prevalencia de otros estudios, se calculó una muestra representativa de 200 niños comprendidos entre los 2 y los 59 meses de edad, obteniéndose en forma sistemática aleatoria durante los meses de junio a septiembre de 1998. Los niños asistieron a la consulta externa del Departamento de Pediatría del Hospital General San Juan de Dios por diferentes motivos clínicos. Se tomó una muestra de cultivo nasofaríngeo con isopos de alginato de calcio el cual se inoculó en agar sangre de carnero. Se uso únicamente disco de oxacilina como método de tamizaje para la determinación de la susceptibilidad o resistencia a Penicilina. Otros antibióticos también fueron evaluados por el método de Kirby-Bauer. Resultados. Se aislaron 62 espécimenes de S.pneumoniae de los 200 niños estudiados (31 portadores). De las 62 cepas aisladas, 8(13) presentaron un halo menor o igual a 20 mm con el disco de oxacilina. Una cepa fue resistente al disco de Ceftriaxona.Se encontró resistencia in vitro de 10 para Cefaclor y 16 para Eritromicina.Conclusiones. La prevalencia de neumococo resistente a la Penicilina en los niños estudiados fue baja y sabemos que puede haber una sobreestimación de la misma usando únicamente el disco de Oxacilina. La terapéutica empírica en las entidades clínicas en que el neumococo es importante no debe modificarse por el momento, sin embargo, debe mantenerse una vigilancia microbiológica constante con métodos que indiquen concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas, puesto que el aumento a la resistencia a Penicilina por el neumococo es sólo cuestión de tiempo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Penicillin Resistance , Streptococcus pneumoniae/growth & development , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification
7.
Pediatría (Bogotá) ; 4(4): 159-64, dic. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-190464

ABSTRACT

Con el fin de determinar el grado de colonización nasofaríngea por Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis y Streptococcus pyogenes, así como la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de los gérmenes aislados, se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo con dos cortes transversales, en una población de 100 niños menores de cinco años que asistían a una guardería; el estudio se realizó entre diciembre de 1992 y mayo de 1993. A cada niño estudiado se le tomaron dos muestras nasofaríngeas, con un intervalo de 51 días. Las muestras se sembraron en medios enriquecidos y selectivos. Los resultados señalaron porcentajes de colonización del 65 por ciento para H. influenzae y del 46 por ciento para S. pneumoniae en las dos tomas de muestras; del 22 por ciento y 11 por ciento para M. catarrhalis y del 4 por ciento y 7.6 por ciento para S. pyogenes respectivamente. No se aisló N. meningitidis. La sensibilidad antimicrobiana indicó que todas las cepas de H. influenzae fueron beta lactamasa negativas y sensibles a ampicilina pero se encontró una resistencia del 9.9 por ciento al trimetroprim-sulfa. El 26 por ciento de las cepas de S. pneumoniae, obtenidas en las dos tomas de muestras, presentaron una sensibilidad disminuida a la penicilina, el 3.2 por ciento fueron resistentes a la eritromicina y el 38.2 por ciento de las cepas aisladas en la segunda muestra presentaron resistencia frente al trimetroprim-sulfa. Todas las cepas de M. catarrhalis fueron productoras de beta lactamasa. El presente estudio nos permite precisar cuál es la situación en cuanto a la colonización de las vías aéreas superiores por los gérmenes productores de patología respiratoria y el comportamiento de ellos frente a los antibióticos de elección para el tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Nasopharynx/anatomy & histology , Nasopharynx/microbiology , Nasopharynx/pathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/classification , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Haemophilus influenzae/growth & development , Haemophilus influenzae/isolation & purification , Haemophilus influenzae/pathogenicity , Moraxella catarrhalis/chemistry , Moraxella catarrhalis/growth & development , Moraxella catarrhalis/isolation & purification , Moraxella catarrhalis/pathogenicity , Neisseria meningitidis/growth & development , Neisseria meningitidis/isolation & purification , Neisseria meningitidis/pathogenicity , Streptococcus pneumoniae/growth & development , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity
9.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 109-116, 1969.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-186160

ABSTRACT

In order to confirm whether the migrating larvae of parasites could carry pathogenic organisms into liver and cause hepatitis, a series of experiments has been carried out. The summary of the results is as follows: 1. Clonorchis sinensis A few of the excysted larvae of Clonorchis sinensis penetrated into the peritoneal cavity, but they could not penetrate the liver tissues. The artificially introduced Clonorchis sinensis in the tissues were all destroyed within 3-5 days. There was no manifestation of diffuse inflammatory changes due to the inoculation of the parasites, though the sampled micro-organisms, Staphylococcus aureus, were confirmed from the surrounding area. 2. Hookworm The larvae carried pathogenic organisms to liver tissues either by cutaneous or oral infection, but there was no manifestation of hepatitis due to the micro-organisms: In conclusion, it is indicated that liverfluke and hookworm may transmit pathogenic organisms to the liver during their migration.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rabbits , Ancylostoma/physiology , Larva/physiology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/etiology , Opisthorchis/physiology , Staphylococcus/growth & development , Streptococcus pneumoniae/growth & development
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