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1.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 11(2): 1-13, jun. 2024. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1581344

ABSTRACT

La fisiopatología de la diabetes incluye la persistencia de un estado inflamatorio de bajo grado caracterizado por el incremento de citocinas proinflamatorias, proteínas de fase aguda y alteraciones en la respuesta inmunitaria que conllevan al desarrollo de complicaciones macrovasculares y microvasculares. Los mecanismos involucrados en la activación del estado inflamatorio no están totalmente esclarecidos, pero se sabe que la hiperglucemia juega un rol determinante. La hemoglobina glicada es en la actualidad el marcador biológico por excelencia utilizado para evaluar la evolución de los niveles de glucemia en los pacientes diabéticos debido a su formación irreversible y acumulativa, proporcionando información retrospectiva sobre el equilibrio glucémico durante dos a tres meses anteriores a su medición. Sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre su asociación con la respuesta inflamatoria en estos pacientes. El objetivo de esta investigación es recopilar evidencias que permitan establecer una asociación entre los niveles de HbA1c y el estado inflamatorio en pacientes con diabetes mellitus, lo que permitiría considerar a la HbA1c no sólo como una medida fiable para evaluar el control glucémico retrospectivo. Sino además, como un biomarcador asociado al estado inflamatorio y por consiguiente al riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones propias de esta enfermedad.


The pathophysiology of diabetes includes the persistence of a low-grade inflammatory state characterized by an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins and alterations in the immune response that lead to the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications. The mechanisms involved in the activation of the inflammatory state are not fully elucidated, but it is known that hyperglycemia plays a determinant role. Glycated hemoglobin is currently the biological marker par excellence used to evaluate the evolution of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients due to its irreversible and cumulative formation, providing retrospective information on the glycemic balance during two to three months prior to its measurement. However, little is known about its association with the inflammatory response in these patients. The aim of this research is to gather evidence to establish an association between HbA1c levels and inflammatory status in patients with diabetes mellitus, which would allow HbA1c to be considered not only as a reliable measure to assess retrospective glycemic control. But also as a biomarker associated with the inflammatory state and, consequently, with the risk of developing complications of this disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Glycated Hemoglobin/adverse effects , Biomarkers , Diabetes Mellitus/pathology , Hyperglycemia , Inflammation
2.
Femina ; 52(2): 99-107, 20240228. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1584518

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de gestantes com hiper- tensão, diabetes e obesidade no serviço de pré-natal de alto risco de uma ma- ternidade no norte de Santa Catarina, onde foi realizado este estudo. Métodos: Estudo transversal acerca das características epidemiológicas e clínicas de 174 gestantes maiores de 18 anos em atendimento no pré-natal de alto risco. Resul- tados: As gestantes eram, na maioria (80%), jovens (18 a 35 anos), pardas (24,1%), com ensino médio completo (40,5%) e renda per capita de até um salário míni- mo (58,1%). Os percentuais de hipertensão e diabetes foram mais elevados acima dos 35 anos. Foi elevado o percentual de mulheres obesas (17%) e com diabetes (≈24%), com histórico elevado dessas doenças na família (≈63%). Correlação es- tatisticamente significativa de diabetes com a idade foi encontrada. Verificou- -se também tendência de associação de hipertensão com a idade gestacional e transtornos do sono. Conclusão: Essas condições estão intimamente ligadas com a saúde pré-concepcional, sendo, muitas vezes, modificáveis. O incremento de ações de melhoria da qualidade de vida da mulher em idade reprodutiva é um recurso para a redução desses agravos. Ainda, a precoce identificação deles pelos profissionais que realizam acompanhamento pré-natal pode reduzir a incidência de gestações de alto risco sem acompanhamento especializado.


Objective: This study was conducted to characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant women with hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in the high-risk prenatal service of a maternity hospital in northern Santa Catarina. Methods: The present was a cross-sectional study that involved 174 pregnant women over 18 years of age and in high-risk prenatal care. Results: The women were mostly (80%) young (18 to 35 years), brown (24.1%), with complete high school education (40.5%), and per capita income up to a minimum wage (58.1%). The percentages of hypertension and diabetes were higher above 35 years of age. High percentage of obese (17%) and diabetic (≈24%) women were found, most with family history to these diseases (≈63%). Statistically significant correlation was found between dia- betes and age. Hypertension tended to associate with gesta- tional age and sleep disorders. Conclusion: These conditions are intricately linked with preconception health and are, fre- quently, modifiable. The increase of actions to improve the quality of life of women in reproductive age is a strategy to reduce these diseases. Furthermore, the early identification of these by prenatal follow-up professionals may reduce the incidence of high-risk pregnancies without specialized follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Health Profile , Pregnant Women , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Hypertension/diagnosis , Obesity/diagnosis , Prenatal Care/methods , Sleep Wake Disorders , Cross-Sectional Studies , Women's Health/statistics & numerical data , Pregnancy, High-Risk
3.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 31(112): 98-103, 20230000. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1451966

ABSTRACT

La mucormicosis es una infección causada por hongos oportunistas pertenecientes al orden de los mucorales. Desde la aparición de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 se han emitido alertas sobre el incremento en la presentación de esta infección. La presentación de mucormicosis traqueo-bronquial representa el 37% de la afectación pulmonar. A continuación, se desarrolla el caso clínico de una pa-ciente diabética con neumonía severa por SARS-CoV-2, con evolución desfavorable, quien es llevada a broncoscopia, encontrando pseudomembranas blanquecinas que obs-truían la luz del bronquio fuente izquierdo, confirmándose histopatológicamente la presencia de mucorales. Se realiza reporte del presente caso para reconocer la apa-rición de infecciones fúngicas en pacientes que presen-tan diabetes mal controlada e infección por SARS-CoV-2 que tienen una evolución tórpida. La presencia de seudo membranas blancas puede ser un signo de alarma para tener este tipo de infecciones dentro de las posibilidades diagnósticas


Mucormycosis is an infection caused by opportunistic fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. Since the SARS CoV 2 pandemic, warnings have been issued about the increase in the presentation of this infection. The presentation of tracheobronchial mucormycosis represents 37% of pulmonary involvement.We present the clinical case of a diabetic patient with severe pneumonia due to SARS VOC 2, with unfavorable evolution, who was taken to bronchoscopy and found whitish pseudomembranes obstructing the lumen of the left main bronchus, confirming histopathologically the presence of mucormycosis.A report of the present case is made to recognize the appearance of fungal infections in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and SARSe COV 2 infection, who have a torpid evolution. The presence of white pseudomembranes should be an alarm sign to have this type of infections within the diagnostic possibilities


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Mucormycosis/therapy
4.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442381

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O diabete mellitus (DM) e a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) são doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis que se associam a alto risco de mortalidade. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil laboratorial de pessoas com DM e HAS acompanhados na atenção primária à saúde. Método: Estudo descritivo e transversal, com a amostra de 345 pessoas em acompanhamento pelas estratégias de saúde da família pertencentes a duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da zona urbana do município de Santarém, Pará, Brasil. Os participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos conforme diagnóstico: HAS; DM; ambas (DM-HAS); ou nenhuma (SEM). Foram coletadas informações socioeconômicas e clínicas dos participantes, com posterior coleta de sangue para as variáveis bioquímicas. Para a análise de dados foi realizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial, adotando-se significância de p<0,05. Resultados: Em todos os grupos predominaram participantes do sexo feminino, casados, pardos, com renda até dois salários, com 4-7 anos de estudo, não tabagistas e não estilistas. Em relação ao SEM, o DM se associou com valores alterados para glicose (p<0,0001), HDL-c (p=0,0481), ureia (p=0,0252), creatinina (p=0,0006) e hemoglobina (p=0,0024). Já o DM-HAS se associou com a presença de alteração para glicose (p<0,0001), ureia (p=0,0009), creatinina (p=0,0059) e taxa de filtração glomerular (p=0,0048). Conclusão: Conclui-se, conforme o método proposto, que a presença da DM e/ou HAS são capazes de modificar o perfil bioquímico de maneira negativa, bem como se ressalta a importância do acompanhamento desta pessoa pela atenção primária à saúde, visto que algumas pessoas apresentaram alterações bioquímicas que chamam atenção e não estão em acompanhamento (AU).


Introduction:Diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) are chronic non-communicable diseases that are associated with a high risk of mortality. Objective: To analyze the laboratory profile of people with DM and SAH followed up in primary health care. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a sample of 345 people being monitored by family health strategies belonging to two Basic Health Units in the urban area of the city of Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Participants were divided into four groups according to their diagnosis: SAH; DM; both (DM-SAH); or neither (NO). Socioeconomic and clinical information was collected from the participants, with subsequent blood collection for biochemical variables. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis, adopting a significance of p<0.05. Results: In all groups, female participants, married, brown, with an income of up to two salaries, 4-7 years of schooling, non-smokers, and non-alcoholics predominated. Compared to NO, DM was associated with altered values for glucose (p<0.001), HDL-c (p=0.048), urea (p=0.025), creatinine (p<0.001), and hemoglobin (p=0.002). DM-SAH was associated with the presence of alterations in glucose (p<0.001), urea (p<0.001), creatinine (p=0.005), and glomerular filtration rate (p=0.004). Conclusion: In conclusion, the results using the proposed method indicate that the presence of DM and/or SAH is able to negatively modify the biochemical profile. In addition, the importance of monitoring this population in primary health care was demonstrated, since some people presented potentially worrying biochemical alterations that are not being followed up (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Biochemical Phenomena , Health Status Indicators , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Hypertension/diagnosis
5.
Rev. APS (Online) ; 25(2): 242-258, 18/01/2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1562318

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características clínicas e a qualidade de vida (QV) de pessoas com hipertensão e/ou diabetes acompanhadas pela Atenção Primária à Saúde em três municípios do Ceará. Estudo transversal, realizado com 384 pessoas com hipertensão e/ou diabetes. Na coleta de dados, realizou-se levantamento de dados clínicos e aplicação do questionário de avaliação da QV, Short Form-36. Procedeu-se análise descritiva e inferencial pelo Software R, realizados os testes de Kruskall-Wallis e de Mann-Whitney. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino com ≥ 60 anos. Houve diferença significativa entre pressão arterial sistólica (p<0,005) e glicemia pós-prandial (p<0,001) por grupos de diagnósticos. Na QV houve diferença entre os sexos. Obtiveram maiores escores os domínios aspectos sociais (87,5) e saúde mental (72); e menores escores: limitação por aspectos físicos (25) e emocionais (33,3). Pessoas com os diagnósticos em associação apresentam prejuízo, nos domínios capacidade física (p<0,01), limitações por aspectos físicos (p<0,01) e emocionais (p<0,001). Concluiu-se que as características clínicas, diagnósticos em associação e seus níveis glicêmicos e pressóricos, impactam na QV.


The objective was to analyze the clinical characteristics and quality of life (QoL) of people with hypertension and/or diabetes monitored by Primary Health Care in three municipalities in Ceará. A cross-sectional study, carried out with 384 people with hypertension and/or diabetes. During data collection, clinical data were collected and the QoLassessment questionnaire, Short Form-36, was applied. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed using the R Software, using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. There was a predominance of females aged ≥ 60 years. There was a significant difference between systolic blood pressure (p<0.005) and postprandial glucose (p<0.001) by diagnostic groups. In QoL, there was a difference between the sexes. The domains social aspects (87.5) and mental health (72) obtained higher scores; and lower scores: limitation due to physical (25) and emotional (33.3) aspects. People with the diagnoses in association present impairment in the physical capacity (p<0.01), role physical (p<0.01) role emotional (p<0.001). It was concluded that the clinical characteristics, diagnoses in association and their glycemic and blood pressure levels, impact QoL


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care , Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension , Quality of Life , Health Strategies , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Hypertension/diagnosis
6.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; (12): 1047-1058, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-985515

ABSTRACT

Objective: Compare and analyze the results of the domestic Lanyi AH600 glycated hemoglobin analyzer and other different detection systems to understand the comparability of the detection results of different detectors, and establish the best cut point of Lanyi AH600 determination of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes. Methods: Multi center cohort study was adopted. The clinical laboratory departments of 18 medical institutions independently collected test samples from their respective hospitals from March to April 2022, and independently completed comparative analysis of the evaluated instrument (Lanyi AH600) and the reference instrument HbA1c. The reference instruments include four different brands of glycosylated hemoglobin meters, including Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong. Scatter plot was used to calculate the correlation between the results of different detection systems, and the regression equation was calculated. The consistency analysis between the results of different detection systems was evaluated by Bland Altman method. Consistency judgment principles: (1) When the 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) of the measurement difference was within 0.4% HbA1c and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was good; (2) When the measurement difference of 95% LoA exceeded 0.4% HbA1c, and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was relatively good; (3) The measurement score was less than 80 points, the comparison consistency was poor. The difference between the results of different detection systems was tested by paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test; The best cut-off point of diabetes was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The correlation coefficient R2 of results between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument in 16 hospitals is≥0.99; The Bland Altman consistency analysis showed that the difference of 95% LoA in Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180) was -0.486%-0.325%, and the measurement score was 94.6 points (473/500); The difference of 95% LoA in the Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant II) was -0.727%-0.612%, and the measurement score was 89.8 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.231%-0.461%, and the measurement score was 96.6 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.469%-0.479%, and the measurement score was 91.9 points. The other 14 hospitals, Lanyi AH600, were compared with 4 reference instrument brands, the difference of 95% LoA was less than 0.4% HbA1c, and the scores were all greater than 95 points. The results of paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument Arkray HA8180 (Z=1.665,P=0.096), with no statistical difference. The mean difference between the measured values of the two instruments was 0.004%. The comparison data of Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument of all other institutions had significant differences (all P<0.001), however, it was necessary to consider whether it was within the clinical acceptable range in combination with the results of the Bland-Altman consistency analysis. The ROC curve of HbA1c detected by Lanyi AH600 in 985 patients with diabetes and 3 423 patients with non-diabetes was analyzed, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.877, the standard error was 0.007, and the 95% confidence interval 95%CI was (0.864, 0.891), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). The maximum value of Youden index was 0.634, and the corresponding HbA1c cut point was 6.235%. The sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis were 76.2% and 87.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Among the hospitals and instruments currently included in this study, among these four hospitals included Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180), Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant Ⅱ), the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), and the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), the comparison between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instruments showed relatively good consistency, while the other 14 hospitals involved four different brands of reference instruments: Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong, Lanyi AH600 had good consistency with its comparison. The best cut point of the domestic Lanyi AH600 for detecting HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes is 6.235%.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Child , Humans , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin , Cohort Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Sensitivity and Specificity , ROC Curve
7.
J. biomed. eng ; Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi;(6): 365-372, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981551

ABSTRACT

Blood glucose monitoring has become the weakest point in the overall management of diabetes in China. Long-term monitoring of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients has become an important means of controlling the development of diabetes and its complications, so that technological innovations in blood glucose testing methods have far-reaching implications for accurate blood glucose testing. This article discusses the basic principles of minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose testing assays, including urine glucose assays, tear assays, methods of extravasation of tissue fluid, and optical detection methods, etc., focuses on the advantages of minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose testing methods and the latest relevant results, and summarizes the current problems of various testing methods and prospects for future development trends.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Glucose , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Tears
9.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 57: 75, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1522865

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportions of awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Brazilian adult population. METHOD This is a cross-sectional study, with data from a representative sample of the Brazilian population, taken from the National Health Survey(PNS 2014/2015). Outcomes were defined based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements, self-reported DM diagnosis, and use of hypoglycemic agents or insulin. The proportion of DM awareness, treatment, and control was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and access to health services, and their respective 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS DM prevalence in the Brazilian population was of 8.6% (95%CI: 7.8-9.3): 68.2% (95%CI: 63.9-72.3) were aware of their diagnosis, 92.2% (95%CI: 88.6-94.7) of those who were aware were undergoing drug treatments, and, of these, 35.8% (95%CI: 30.5-41.6) had controlled HbA1c levels. The proportions of DM awareness, control, and treatment were lower in men aged 18 to 39 years, individuals with low education, without health insurance, and beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família program. CONCLUSION Approximately one in ten Brazilians has DM. A little more than half of this population is aware of their diagnosis, a condition measured by HbA1c dosage and clinical diagnosis. Among those who know, the vast majority are undergoing drug treatments. However, less than half of these have their HbA1c levels controlled. Worse scenarios were found in subgroups with high social vulnerability.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar as proporções dos indivíduos que têm conhecimento do diagnóstico, tratamento e controle do diabetes mellitus (DM) na população adulta brasileira. MÉTODO Este é um estudo transversal, com dados de amostra representativa da população brasileira, provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS 2014/2015). Os desfechos foram definidos com base na medida de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), no diagnóstico autorreferido de DM e no uso de hipoglicemiantes ou de insulina. Estimou-se a proporção do conhecimento, tratamento e controle do DM de acordo com as características sociodemográficas, condição de saúde e de acesso aos serviços de saúde, e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). RESULTADOS A prevalência de DM na população brasileira foi 8,6% (IC95% 7,8-9,3), 68,2% (IC95% 63,9-72,3) tinham conhecimento do seu diagnóstico, 92,2% (IC95% 88,6-94,7) dos que tinham conhecimento realizam tratamento medicamentoso, e desses, 35,8% (IC95% 30,5-41,6) tinham os níveis de HbA1c controlados. As proporções de conhecimento, controle e tratamento foram menores nos homens, com idade de 18 a 39 anos, indivíduos que possuem baixa escolaridade, sem plano de saúde e beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família. CONCLUSÃO Aproximadamente um em cada dez brasileiros apresenta DM. Um pouco mais da metade desta população tem conhecimento do seu diagnóstico, condição aferida por dosagem de HbA1c e diagnóstico clínico. Entre os que sabem, a grande maioria está sob tratamento medicamentoso. Porém, menos da metade destes tem seus níveis de HbA1c controlados. Cenários piores foram encontrados em subgrupos com alta vulnerabilidade social.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Awareness , Therapeutics , Glycated Hemoglobin , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies
10.
Psicol. Estud. (Online) ; 28: e53301, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1448929

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as concepções de qualidade de vida de idosos portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo II. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, e a estratégia de coleta de dados foi a técnica de Grupo Focal. Os dados foram analisados usando o programa de análise qualitativa - QDA miner e interpretados através da análise de conteúdo, proposta por Bardin. Os dados revelaram duas categorias: 'Concepções de Qualidade de Vida', que aponta para os elementos que atravessam a compreensão que os idosos têm da qualidade de vida e 'Relação entre Qualidade de vida e doença crônica', como a vivência da doença crônica está associada à qualidade de vida. Os dados indicam que as concepções de qualidade de vida de idosos com hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus passam pelo processo de convivência com a doença crônica, enfatizando a importância de fatores subjetivos, especialmente os recursos psicológicos e sociais dos idosos, que auxiliam no enfrentamento dos efeitos negativos das condições crônicas que interferem na qualidade de vida.


RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las concepciones de cualidad de vida de ancianos con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo de enfoque cual itativo y la estrategia para la recolección de datos fue la técnica de Grupo Focal. Los datos se analizaron usando el programa de análisis cualitativo-QDA miner e interpretados a través del análisis de contenidos propuesta por Bardin. Los datos revelaron dos categorías: "'concepciones de calidad de vida", ', que señala los elementos que pasan por la comprensión que los ancianos tienen de calidad de vida y "'la relación calidad de vida y enfermedad crónica" ' - cómo la experiencia de la enfermedad crónicas se asocia con la calidad de vida. Los datos indicaron que las concepciones de cualidad de vida de ancianos con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus pasan por el proceso de convivencia con la enfermedad crónica enfatizando la importancia de factores subjetivos especialmente los recursos psicológicos y sociales de los ancianos que ayudan en el enfrentamiento de los efectos negativos de las condiciones crónicas que interfieren en la cualidad de vida.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to understand the quality of life concepts in elderly people who suffers from arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. It is a descriptive and exploratory study with qualitative approach, the data collection strategy was Focus Group Interviews. The software QDA Miner was used for qualitative data analysis and the Content Analysis Method proposed by Bardin was used for data interpretation. The data had disclosed two categories: 'concepts of quality of life', pointing to the elements that go through the understanding that the elderly have of the quality of life, and 'relation between quality of life andchronic illness' - how the experience of chronic disease is associated with quality of life. Data had indicated that the quality of life concepts in this population are related to the way they live with the chronic illness. The subjective factors are very important concerning the elderly people life with the chronic illness, mainly their psychological and social resources, that help them to fight the negative effects of chronic illness conditions in the quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Quality of Life/psychology , Aged/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Hypertension/diagnosis , Aging/physiology , Chronic Disease , Focus Groups/methods , Resilience, Psychological
11.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2023. 73 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1585322

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Pacientes com secreção autônoma de cortisol (SAC) apresentam maior incidência de obesidade central, intolerância à glicose, síndrome metabólica e diabetes mellitus (DM). Recentemente, estudos mostraram um aumento dessas condições também em incidentalomas adrenais não funcionantes (IANF). Pacientes com hipercortisolismo manifesto evoluem com alterações glicêmicas principalmente por mecanismos que induzem intolerância à glicose, assim, o teste oral de tolerância à glicose com 75g de dextrose (TOTG) é considerado de suma importância nessa população. No entanto, ainda faltam estudos que demonstrem a importância do TOTG em pacientes com incidentaloma adrenal (IA). Objetivos: Comparar a prevalência de pré-DM e DM entre pacientes com IANF, SAC e controles. Avaliar a área sob a curva (ASC) no TOTG e descrever se o TOTG foi determinante para esses diagnósticos em cada população. Materiais e métodos: 65 IANF (teste de supressão com dexametasona [DST] 1mg ≤1,8µg/dL), 45 SAC (1mg DST ≥1,9µg/dL) e 56 controles foram avaliados neste estudo transversal. O grupo controle foi selecionado com base em um exame de imagem adrenal normal. Os pacientes foram classificados em normoglicemia, pré DM e DM de acordo com os resultados da glicemia de jejum, hemoglobina glicada e TOTG. Resultados: Não houve diferenças entre IANF, SAC e controles em relação à idade, sexo, etnia e menopausa. Os pacientes com IA apresentaram maior índice de massa corpórea (IMC) (31,6 vs. 29,0 kg/m2; p=0,008) e circunferência abdominal (102,8 vs. 97,3 cm; p=0,02). ASC foi maior no grupo SAC e IANF em comparação ao grupo controle (9118,1 vs. 8627,3 vs. 7185,8, respectivamente; p=0,007). A análise de regressão linear múltipla para avaliar os efeitos das variáveis independentes na ASC mostrou que a presença de IA foi determinante para esse resultado. A frequência de disglicemia (pré-DM e DM) foi maior no grupo SAC e IANF em relação ao grupo controle (91,1% vs. 90,8% vs. 73%, respectivamente; p=0,01). O TOTG foi capaz de alterar a classificação da disglicemia em 25,9% dos pacientes com SAC e 23,9% com IANF, enquanto no controle alterou apenas em 3,1% (p=0,03). Conclusão: Pacientes com IA apresentaram maior glicemia no TOTG quando avaliados pela ASC, sendo a presença de IA determinante para esse resultado. A frequência de disglicemia foi maior nos grupos SAC e IANF, sem diferença entre eles. A presença de IA aumentou em 9,5 vezes a razão de chances de um indivíduo se beneficiar do TOTG para classificação de disglicemia mais acurada.(AU)


Introduction: Patients with autonomous cortisol secretion (ASC) have a higher incidence of central obesity, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, studies have shown an increase of these conditions also in non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAI). Patients with manifest hypercortisolism evolve with glycemic alterations mainly due to mechanisms that induce glucose intolerance, thus, the oral glucose tolerance test with 75g of dextrose (OGTT) is considered of paramount importance in this population. However, studies demonstrating the importance of OGTT in patients with adrenal incidentaloma (AI) are still lacking. Objectives: To compare the prevalence of pre-DM and DM among patients with NFAI, ASC and controls. Evaluate the area under the curve (AUC) in OGTT and describe whether OGTT was determinant for these diagnoses in each population. Materials and methods: 65 NFAI (dexamethasone suppression test [DST] 1mg ≤1.8µg/dL), 45 ASC (1mg DST ≥1.9µg/dL) and 56 controls were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. The control group was selected on the basis of normal adrenal imaging. Patients were classified into normoglycemia, pre-DM and DM according to the results of fasting glycemia, glycated hemoglobin and OGTT. Results: There were no differences between NFAI, ACS and controls regarding age, sex, ethnicity and menopause. Patients with AI had a higher body mass index (BMI) (31.6 vs. 29.0 kg/m2; p=0.008) and waist circumference (102.8 vs. 97.3 cm; p=0.02). AUC was higher in the ACS and NFAI group compared to the control group (9118.1 vs. 8627.3 vs. 7185.8, respectively; p=0.007). Multiple linear regression analysis to assess the effects of the independent variables on the AUC showed that the presence of AI was determinant for this result. The frequency of dysglycemia (pre DM and DM) was higher in the ACS and NFAI group compared to the control group (91.1% vs. 90.8% vs. 73%, respectively; p=0.01). OGTT was able to change the dysglycemia classification in 25.9% of patients with ACS and 23.9% with NFAI, while in the control it only changed in 3.1% (p=0.03). Conclusion: Patients with AI had higher glycemia in the OGTT when evaluated by the AUC, with the presence of AI being a determinant for this result. The frequency of dysglycemia was higher in the ACS and NFAI groups, with no difference between them. The presence of IA increased the odds ratio for a subject to be benefit by OGTT for a more accurate dysglycemia classification in 9.5 times.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Prediabetic State/diagnosis , Prediabetic State/epidemiology , Incidental Findings , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Glucose Tolerance Test , Blood Glucose , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adrenocortical Adenoma , Area Under Curve
12.
Clin. biomed. res ; 43(3): 298-309, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1562525

ABSTRACT

O exame periódico de saúde (EPS) visa detectar as alterações através da anamnese (por exemplo, dados de identificação: relacionados à idade ­ risco de quedas e polifarmácia ­ e relacionados ao gênero ­ triagem de neoplasia de colo de útero em mulheres e de próstata em homens ­; revisão de sistemas para avaliação da carteira vacinal e do vício de tabagismo); do exame físico, pela avaliação do risco cardiovascular através da mensuração da pressão arterial; e da realização de exames complementares visando a triagem de neoplasias (mama através de realização de mamografia ou colorretal através da colonoscopia), triagem do risco cardiovascular através da dosagem do colesterol e da triagem de diabetes melito através da dosagem da hemoglobina glicada. Recomendações validadas devem ser aplicadas nas populações visando a triagem e, se possível, tratamento de doenças diagnosticadas precocemente. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar de forma sucinta e pragmática as recomendações atuais de triagem de doenças prevalentes. As recomendações sobre imunização (vacinação) não serão abordadas neste texto,


The periodic health examination (PHE) consists of one or more visits from the patient to the doctor or from the doctor to the patient, to assess the patient's general health status (disease diagnosis) and to identify risk factors for potentially preventable diseases (identification of risk factors). Under the baton of epidemiological data, the EPS is able to detect changes through anamnesis (e.g., identification data: age-related ­ risk of falls and polypharmacy ­ and gender-related ­ cervical cancer screening in women and prostate in men; review of systems for evaluating the vaccination record and smoking addiction); physical examination, by assessing cardiovascular risk by measuring blood pressure; and carrying out complementary exams aimed at screening for neoplasms (breast through mammography or colorectal through colonoscopy), screening for cardiovascular risk through cholesterol measurement and screening for diabetes mellitus through glycated hemoglobin measurement. Internationally validated recommendations should be applied to populations with a view to screening and, if possible, treating early diagnosed diseases. The objective of this review is to present in a succinct and pragmatic way the current recommendations for screening of prevalent diseases.


Subject(s)
Physical Examination/methods , Medical Examination , Mass Screening/methods , Early Diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Medical History Taking , Neoplasms/diagnosis
13.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(3): 643-656, set-dez. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399314

ABSTRACT

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica, que tem elevada prevalência na sociedade e representa um problema de saúde pública devido à natureza de suas complicações, acredita-se que a dificuldade na manutenção do tratamento, pode estar relacionada a deficiência ou falta de adesão. O estudo teve como objetivo relatar à adesão ao tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus na Atenção Primária a Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 30 pacientes diabéticos de uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde de Guaiúba-CE, no período de agosto a outubro de 2021. A coleta de dados deu-se por entrevista semiestruturada utilizando questões norteadoras sobre adesão ao tratamento, adoção de práticas promotoras de saúde e posteriormente sujeita a análise de conteúdo. Observou-se que a adesão ao tratamento do diabetes envolve inúmeros desafios, relacionados principalmente ao usuário e sistemas de saúde/profissionais. Os maiores desafios encontrados foram em relação a supervalorização do tratamento medicamentoso frente a adoção de hábitos saudáveis e de ações promotoras de autocuidado. Nesse cenário, nota-se a importância de conhecer os fatores que influenciam na adesão ao tratamento com o intuito de se lançar estratégias para aperfeiçoar o planejamento de ações e intervenções a esses pacientes.


Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that is highly prevalent in society and represents a public health problem due to the nature of its complications. The study aimed to report on the adherence to treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Health Care. This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, conducted with 30 diabetic patients from a Primary Health Care Unit in Guaiúba-CE, in the period from August to October 2021. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using guiding questions about adherence to treatment, adoption of health-promoting practices and later subjected to content analysis. It was observed that diabetes treatment adherence involves numerous challenges, mainly related to the user and health systems/professionals. The biggest challenges found were related to the overvaluation of drug treatment against the adoption of healthy habits and self-care promoting actions. In this scenario, it is important to know the factors that influence treatment adherence in order to develop strategies to improve the planning of actions and interventions for these patients.


La diabetes mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad crónica, que tiene una alta prevalencia en la sociedad y representa un problema de salud pública debido a la naturaleza de sus complicaciones, se cree que la dificultad para mantener el tratamiento puede estar relacionada con la deficiencia o falta de adherencia. El estudio tenía como objetivo informar sobre la adherencia al tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus en Atención Primaria. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, realizado con 30 pacientes diabéticos de una Unidad de Atención Primaria de Salud de Guaiúba-CE, en el período de agosto a octubre de 2021. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en las que se utilizaron preguntas orientativas sobre la adherencia al tratamiento y la adopción de prácticas de promoción de la salud, y posteriormente se sometieron a un análisis de contenido. Se ha observado que el acceso al tratamiento de la diabetes conlleva numerosos desafíos, relacionados principalmente con el usuario y los sistemas de salud/profesionales. Los mayores retos encontrados estaban relacionados con la sobrevaloración del tratamiento farmacológico frente a la adopción de hábitos saludables y acciones de promoción del autocuidado. En este escenario, se constata la importancia de conocer los factores que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento para poner en marcha estrategias que mejoren la planificación de las acciones e intervenciones para estos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Patients , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Self Care/instrumentation , Unified Health System , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Exercise/physiology , Public Health , Chronic Disease/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Diet, Healthy , Health Promotion , Health Services Accessibility , Nursing Care/methods
14.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(3): 809-819, set-dez. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399471

ABSTRACT

Considera-se gestação de alto risco quando a mulher apresenta comorbidade materna e/ou condição sociobiológica que levam as chances de ocorrer alguma intercorrência na evolução natural da gravidez, como hipertensão arterial, diabetes, anemia, alcoolismo e obesidade. É de grande importância o acompanhamento pré-natal com uma equipe de assistência capaz de identificar os problemas antes mesmo que possam ser agravados. O objetivo deste estudo foi rastrear o perfil clínico e nutricional de mulheres com gestação de alto risco na Estratégia de Saúde da Família de Santa Quitéria- CE. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 33 gestantes. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o cartão da gestante e prontuário, o estado nutricional foi avaliado através do peso pré- gestacional contido no cartão e peso atual através da balança. Para análise estatística, foram usados frequências, percentuais, médias e desvio padrão, verificadas por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Levene. Para a comparação de médias entre duas categorias, utilizou-se o teste t de Student para amostras independentes. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria tinha o ensino médio como nível de escolaridade, renda igual ou menor que um salário mínimo, multíparas com um ou mais abortos. Em relação às características do estado clínico patológico, as condições mais prevalentes nas gestantes do presente estudo foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica, pré-eclâmpsia, seguidos de DMG e eritoblastose. Excesso de peso antes e durante a gravidez com ganho ponderal de peso adequado. O que demonstra a necessidade de estratégias para a saúde da mulher. É apropriado acionar sinal de alerta no acompanhamento da saúde da mulher também antes da gestação e não somente no pré-natal para que transcorra bem durante e após o parto. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estado nutricional; Gestação de alto risco; Assistência Pré-Natal.


High-risk pregnancy is considered when the woman presents maternal comorbidity and/or sociobiological condition that increase the chances of some complication occurring in the natural evolution of pregnancy, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, anemia, alcoholism, and obesity; It is of great importance the prenatal follow-up with an assistance team capable of identifying the problems even before they can be aggravated; The objective of this study was to track the clinical and nutritional profile of women with high-risk pregnancy in the Family Health Strategy of Santa Quitéria-CE; This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach carried out with 33 pregnant women; For data collection the pregnant woman's card and medical records were used, the nutritional status was evaluated through the pre-gestational weight contained in the card and current weight through the scale; For statistical analysis, frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation were used, verified by means of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests;For comparison of means between two categories, Student's t test for independent samples was used; The results showed that most had high school education, income equal to or less than one minimum wage, multiparous women with one or more abortions; Regarding the characteristics of the pathological medical condition, the most prevalent conditions in the pregnant women of the present study were hypertension, pre- eclampsia, followed by GDM and erythoblastosis; Overweight before and during pregnancy with adequate weight gain; This demonstrates the need for women's health strategies; It is appropriate to trigger warning signals in the monitoring of women's health also before pregnancy and not only in the prenatal period so that it goes well during and after delivery;


Se considera embarazo de alto riesgo cuando la mujer presenta comorbilidad materna y/o condición socio-biológica que conlleva las posibilidades de aparición de alguna complicación en la evolución natural del embarazo, como son la hipertensión, la diabetes, la anemia, el alcoholismo y la obesidad. Es de gran importancia el seguimiento prenatal con un equipo de asistencia capaz de identificar los problemas incluso antes de que puedan agravarse. El objetivo de este estudio fue rastrear el perfil clínico y nutricional de las mujeres con embarazo de alto riesgo en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar de Santa Quitéria-CE. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo realizado con 33 mujeres embarazadas. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizó el cartón de la gestante y el prontuario, el estado nutricional se evaluó a través del peso pregestacional contenido en el cartón y el peso actual a través de la balanza. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron frecuencias, porcentajes, medias y desviación estándar, verificados mediante las pruebas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y Levene. Para la comparación de medias entre dos categorías, se utilizó la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría tenía estudios secundarios, ingresos iguales o inferiores a un salario mínimo, mujeres multíparas con uno o más abortos. En cuanto a las características del estado clínico patológico, las condiciones más prevalentes en las embarazadas del presente estudio fueron la hipertensión arterial sistémica, la preeclampsia, seguidas de la DMG y la eritoblastosis. Exceso de peso antes y durante el embarazo con un aumento de peso adecuado. Lo que demuestra la necesidad de estrategias de salud para las mujeres. Es conveniente activar la señal de alarma en el seguimiento de la salud de las mujeres también antes del embarazo y no sólo en la atención prenatal para que funcione bien durante y después del parto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , National Health Strategies , Health Profile , Nutritional Status/physiology , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Pre-Eclampsia/diagnosis , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Women , Body Mass Index , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Women's Health , Pregnant Women , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Hypertension/complications , Obesity/complications
15.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 90(1): 10-14, ene.-jun. 2022. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BIMENA | ID: biblio-1391164

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La diabetes mellitus causa complica- ciones importantes, entre estas el pie diabético que se asocia a mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Describir las características y resultados del manejo de úlceras en pacientes con pie diabético de una institución terciaria. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo, llevado a cabo en Hospital de Especia- lidades, Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social, abril 2018-abril 2020. Se revisaron expedientes clínicos de pacientes con diag- nóstico de pie diabético. Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 62.9 años, con una desviación estándar (DE) (+/- 10.8); de predominio masculino 77.5% (55/71). Un 79.0% (56/71) tenía antecedentes de más de 10 años de diagnóstico de diabe- tes mellitus tipo II. Según clasificación de Wagner fue Grado 3 en 50.7% (36/71). El 69.0% (49/71) presentaron una úlcera en región plantar pie izquierdo. El manejo fue con apósitos impregnados con solución de factor de crecimiento epidérmico y aceite ozonizado en 43.7% (31/71); los antibióticos administrados fueron clindamicina 71.8% (51/71) y ceftriaxone 55.7% (41/71). El número de desbrida- mientos fue entre 1-2 en 49.3% (35/71) y el número de curaciones realizadas entre 6-10 en 38.0% (27/71). El resultado terapéutico fue cierre total de la úlcera en 33.8% (24/71) y las complicaciones (amputación/infección) se presentaron en 16.9% (12/71). No se reportó mortalidad. Discusión: El paciente con diagnóstico de pie diabético es manejado en la institución con desbridamientos, cu- raciones y antibioticoterapia, logrando cierre total de la ulceración en un tercio de los casos, algunos casos se complican y finalizan en amputación, similares resultados reportado por otros autores...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diabetic Foot/complications , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Foot Deformities/complications , Amputation, Surgical
16.
Acta sci., Health sci ; Acta sci., Health sci;44: e59159, Jan. 14, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1366299

ABSTRACT

To verify the presence of periodontitis, its severity, and their association with associated factors based on medical records of patients who attended the Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Southern Brazil over 4 years. This is a cross-sectional study, which included 422 medical records of patients aged ≥ 18 years. The clinically analyzed data were: plaque index (PI),bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Sociodemographic data, dental hygiene, harmful habits and chronic systemic diseases were described. Statistical analysis of binary logistic regression was used to verify the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and the exposure variables. The older adults [odds ratio (OR) = 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-4.54 ­41 to 55 years and OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.49-6.09 ­56 to 87 years], and men (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.18-3.14) showed higher chances of periodontitis severity. Smokers (OR = 3.54; 95% CI: 2.05-6.12), those with hypertension (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.23-3.63) and with diabetes (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.08-4.12) showed higher chances of developing advanced periodontitis. Advanced or severe periodontitis occurred in one-third of the patients. The findings showed that men, older adults, with systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smokers are more susceptible to severe periodontitis.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Patients , Periodontitis/complications , Periodontitis/diagnosis , Universities , Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis , Thyroid Gland , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Periodontal Index , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Smokers , Hypertension/complications
17.
Ciênc. cuid. saúde ; 21: e58842, 2022. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1384525

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as representações sociais de homens com diabetes sobre o seu autocuidado. Método: abordagem processual das representações sociais com amostra por tipicidade (n=50), composta de homens atendidos num serviço ambulatorial mineiro. Coletaram-se dados de caracterização e realizaram-se entrevistas individuais em profundidade durante três meses. Foram tratados os dados, usando softwares SPPS versão 26, NVivo Pro11® e Iramuteq com análise de conteúdo (coeficiente de Pearson ≥0,70), e atendidos os requisitos ético-legais. Resultados: idade predominante ≥50 anos. Emergiram dos discursos duas categorias: 1) Possibilidade do diabetes: atitudes adotadas ou negligenciadas - enfocando adequações em hábitos alimentares; 2) Diabetes e autocuidado: prática social do cuidado enfocando a necessidade de controle da alimentação e prática de atividade física, visando à prevenção de complicações associadas. Conclusão: a adesão/negligência ao autocuidado evidenciadas remetem à necessidade de fortalecimento dos sistemas de apoio ao grupo referente às ações de prevenção de doença e promoção da saúde, visando a controle dos fatores de risco modificáveis e dos níveis glicêmicos e diagnóstico precoce para o adiamento/manejo das possíveis complicações.


RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las representaciones sociales de hombres con diabetes sobre su autocuidado. Método: enfoque procesal de las representaciones sociales con muestreo por conveniencia (n=50), compuesta de hombres atendidos en un servicio ambulatorio de Minas Gerais-Brasil. Se recogieron datos de caracterización y se realizaron entrevistas individuales en profundidad durante tres meses. Fueron tratados los datos, usando softwares SPPS versión 26, NVivo Pro11® e Iramuteq con análisis de contenido (coeficiente de Pearson ≥0,70), y atendidos los requisitos ético-legales. Resultados: edad predominante ≥50 años. Surgieron, de los discursos, dos categorías: 1) Posibilidad de la diabetes: actitudes adoptadas u olvidadas - enfocando adecuaciones en hábitos alimenticios; 2) Diabetes y autocuidado: práctica social del cuidado enfocando la necesidad de control de la alimentación y práctica de actividad física, teniendo por objetivo la prevención de complicaciones asociadas. Conclusión: la adhesión/negligencia evidenciada al autocuidado remiten a la necesidad de fortalecimiento de los sistemas de apoyo al grupo referente a las acciones de prevención de enfermedad y promoción de la salud, buscando controlar los factores de riesgo modificables y los niveles glucémicos y diagnóstico precoz para el aplazamiento/manejo de las posibles complicaciones.


ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the social representations of men with diabetes concerning their self-care. Method: a procedural approach to social representations with sampling by typicity (N=50), composed of men treated in an outpatient service in Minas Gerais. The study collected characterization data and performed in-depth individual interviews for three months. The data were processed using the software SPPS version 26, NVivo Pro11®, and Iramuteq with content analysis (Pearson's coefficient ≥0.70), and ethical-legal requirements were met. Results: predominant age of 50 years. Two categories emerged from speeches: 1) possibility of diabetes: attitudes adopted or neglected - focusing on adjustments in eating habits; 2) Diabetes and self-care: social practice of care focusing on the need for food control and practice of physical activity, aimed at preventing complications associated. Conclusion: the adherence/neglect to self-care evidenced refer to the need to strengthen the support systems to the group regarding the actions of disease prevention and health promotion, aiming at control of modifiable risk factors and glycaemic levels and early diagnosis for the postponement/management of possible complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Self Care/trends , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Social Representation , Men , Risk Factors , Disease Prevention , Men's Health/statistics & numerical data , Nurses, Public Health/statistics & numerical data , Ambulatory Care/methods , Glycemic Control , Health Promotion
19.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 15(3): 110-117, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1392449

ABSTRACT

La hiperglicemia y/o diabetes inducida por esteroides, se define como la elevación de la glicemia, causada por la acción de los fármacos glucocorticoideos, sobre el metabolismo de los carbohidratos, y presenta una prevalencia entre un 20% al 50%, en pacientes sin diabetes previa, existiendo mayor riesgo para esta patología en pacientes con diabetes pre-existente, obesidad, uso crónico de esteroides o en dosis altas, entre otros. El diagnóstico se rige por los criterios para diabetes en la mayoría de los casos. No obstante, existen casos en donde la hiperglicemia por esteroides es sub-diagnosticada. Su manejo se basa en el tratamiento farmacológico (antidiabéticos orales, subcutáneos e insulina) y no farmacológico (dieta y ejercicio), tomando en cuenta, el patrón glicémico, peso, edad, co-morbilidades, dosis, tipo y tiempo de uso de los esteroides. La relevancia de conocer como diagnosticar y tratar dicha patología, se debe al riesgo de ingreso hospitalario, de infección, de mala cicatrización y de mortalidad en casos no tratados. En vista del aumento del uso de glucocorticoides en la actualidad, se hace una revisión del abordaje terapéutico de la hiperglicemia y diabetes inducida por esteroides.


Hyperglycemia and Steroid-induced Diabetes is defined as the elevation of glycemia caused by the action of glucocorticoid drugs on carbohydrate metabolism, with a prevalence between 20% and 50% in patients without Diabetes. Though, there is a greater risk of this pathology in patients with pre-existing Diabetes, Obesity, chronic use of steroids or in high doses, among others. In most cases, the diagnosis is governed by the criteria of Diabetes; however, there are cases where hyperglycemia Steroid-induced is under-diagnosed. Its management is based on pharmacological treatment (oral and subcutaneous hypoglycemic agents and insulin) and non-pharmacological treatment (diet and exercise), in accordance with the glycemic pattern, weight, age, co-morbidities, dose, type and the duration of the use of steroid. The relevance of knowing how to diagnose and treat this pathology is the risk of hospital admission, infection, poor healing and mortality in untreated cases. In view of the increased use of glucocorticoids nowadays, a review is made about the therapeutic approach to hyperglycemia and steroid-induced Diabetes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Steroids/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus/chemically induced , Hyperglycemia/chemically induced , Risk Factors , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects , Hyperglycemia/diagnosis , Hyperglycemia/therapy
20.
In. Soeiro, Alexandre de Matos; Leal, Tatiana de Carvalho Andreucci Torres; Accorsi, Tarso Augusto Duenhas; Gualandro, Danielle Menosi; Oliveira Junior, Múcio Tavares de; Caramelli, Bruno; Kalil Filho, Roberto. Manual da residência em cardiologia / Manual residence in cardiology. Santana de Parnaíba, Manole, 2 ed; 2022. p.788-792, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1353341
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