Challenges and perspectives in research and teaching of host pathogen interaction topics: new post-pandemic times to Brazil and other South American countries

Here is our proposal to improve learning in biomedical sciences for graduate and undergraduate courses with a broad vision integrating disciplines such as molecular cell biology, biochemistry, and biophysics around concepts of pathogen interaction within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Our paradigm is based on the possibility offered by the pandemic to have remote activities that give access to students and researchers from different places in Brazil and Latin American countries to discuss science. A multidisciplinary view of host-pathogen interaction allows us to understand better the mechanisms involved in the pathology of diseases, as well as to formulate broad strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and control of thereof. The approach to integrating heterogeneous groups in science involves the critical analysis of national scientific resource distribution, where only some have the possibilities to conduct competitive scientific research. Solid theoretical training, contact, collaboration with groups of excellence, and training within a multidisciplinary network are our proposals for a permanent platform of scientific strengthening and dissemination for Latin America. Here we will review the concept of host-pathogen interaction, the type of institutions where it is taught and researched, new trends in active teaching methodologies, and the current political context in science.

A utilização da plataforma youtube no ensino de sociologia no contexto do ensino remoto / The use of the YouTube platform in Sociology teaching in the context of remote education / La utilización de la plataforma YouTube en la enseñanza de Sociología en el contexto de la enseñanza remota

Durante o ensino remoto emergencial no Brasil diversas tecnologias digitais foram utilizadas por escolas e professores(as), como ferramentas de suporte ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, dentre elas o YouTube. Este trabalho objetiva analisar de que maneira professores(as) do Distrito Federal adotaram o Youtube nas atividades de Sociologia durante o ensino remoto. Para isso, realizou-se pesquisa de abordagem mista com a aplicação de questionário por meio do Google Forms a 16 professores(as) e a realização de seis entrevistas semiestruturadas por meio do Google Meet. Os resultados apontam uma ampla adoção do Youtube como recurso pedagógico de apoio para o planejamento e a realização das atividades síncronas e assíncronas disponibilizadas pelos(as) professores(as) aos(às) estudantes, assim como um repositório de aulas de Sociologia.(AU)

During the emergency remote education in Brazil several digital technologies were used by schools and teachers as tools to support teaching-learning process, among them the YouTube. This work aims to analyze how teachers of Distrito Federal adopted YouTube in Sociology activities during remote education. For this, a mixed approach search was carried out with the application of questionnaire to 16 teachers and the attainment of 6 semi-structured interviews. The results point out a broad adoption of YouTube as a pedagogical support for the planning and the realization of the synchronous and asynchronous activities made available by the teachers to the students, as well as a repository of Sociology classes.(AU)

Durante la enseñanza remota de emergencia en Brasil diversas tecnologías digitales fueron utilizadas por las escuelas y profesores como herramientas de soporte en el proceso de enseño-aprendizaje, entre ellas el YouTube. Ese trabajo objetiva analizar de qué manera profesores (as) en el Distrito Federal elegirán YouTube en actividades de Sociología durante la enseñanza remota. Para eso, efectuóse una investigación con enfoque mixta con aplicación de cuestionario para 16 profesores (as) y realización de 6 entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados señalan una amplia adopción YouTube como recurso pedagógico de apoyo para la planificación y la realización de actividades sincrónicas y asincrónicas disponibles por los profesores (as) a los estudiantes, así como un repositorio de clases de sociología.(AU)

Somos todes youtubers? Indústria 4.0 e precarização do trabalho docente em tempos de pandemia / Are we all youtubers? Industry 4.0 and precariousness of teaching work in times of pandemic

Resumo: Sob a justificativa de que são necessárias ao isolamento social nem à preservação da saúde pública, as plataformas digitais nestes tempos de pandemia de covid-19 se tornaram parte do cotidiano profissional de diversas áreas do trabalho, incluindo a da educação. A era informacional da Indústria 4.0 se intensificou abruptamente à vida universitária. Examinamos alguns dos nefastos impactos do Ensino Emergencial Remoto para a docência em Serviço Social: que formação para qual projeto societário? Somos todes youtubers?

Abstract: Under the justification that they are necessary for social isolation and the preservation of public health, digital platforms in these times of the covid-19 pandemic have become part of the professional routine in various areas of work, including education. The information age of Industry 4.0 abruptly intensified into university life. We examine some of the disastrous impacts of Remote Emergency Education on Social Work teaching: which training for which society project? Are we all youtubers?

Los nuevos retos en la ingeniería sanitaria en Perú: Pandemia COVID-19 y enseñanza remota / The new challenges in sanitary engineering in Peru: COVID-19 pandemic and remote teaching

La Ingeniería Sanitaria surge como una rama de la ingeniería que involucra tanto materias propias de la ingeniería tales como: matemáticas, física, química hidráulica o mecánica, como aquellas relacionada con la medicina y la higiene, tales como la microbiología y conservación. Tiene como función principal crear y fomentar condiciones de salubridad en las poblaciones siendo vigilante de las aguas, el aire y la tierra, evitando que la contaminación alcance a los seres humanos. En Perú, la ingeniería sanitaria se creó como un apéndice de la ingeniería civil, pero pronto tomó el lugar merecido, declarándose una carrera de ingeniería independiente. Actualmente, la Ingeniería sanitaria es la encargada de llevar agua potabilizada a la población, y tratar las aguas servidas. Por otra parte, con la llegada del SARS-CoV-2, el mundo fue sacudido, y una situación de pandemia emergió, lo que hizo que los diferentes países tomasen las acciones necesarias, tal como sucedió con el Perú. Allí, la Ingeniería Sanitaria, accionó sus funciones, buscando la potabilización del agua de consumo. En estos tiempos de pandemia, también determinaron el resguardo de la población, lo que fomentó la educación remota. En el caso de la Ingeniería Sanitaria, los laboratorios presenciales y convencionales fueron sustituidos por laboratorios virtuales y remotos, lo cual permitió que la educación continuase sin contratiempos(AU)

Sanitary Engineering emerges as a branch of engineering that involves both engineering subjects such as: mathematics, physics, hydraulic or mechanical chemistry, as well as those related to medicine and hygiene, such as microbiology and conservation. Its main function is to create and promote healthy conditions in the populations, being vigilant of the waters, the air and the land, preventing contamination from reaching human beings. In Peru, sanitary engineering was created as an appendix to civil engineering, but it soon took its deserved place, declaring itself an independent engineering career. Currently, Sanitary Engineering is in charge of bringing drinking water to the population, and treating wastewater. On the other hand, with the arrival of SARS-CoV-2, the world was shaken, and a pandemic situation emerged, which made the different countries take the necessary actions, as happened with Peru. Over there, the Sanitary Engineering, activated its functions, seeking the potabilization of drinking water. In these times of pandemic, they also determined the protection of the population, which promoted remote education. In the case of Sanitary Engineering, face-to-face and conventional laboratories were replaced by virtual and remote laboratories, which allowed education to continue without setbacks(AU)

Educação superior em tempos de retrocessos e os impactos na formação profissional do Serviço Social / Higher education in times of setbacks and the impacts on Social Service professional training

Resumo: O presente artigo aborda o ensino remoto emergencial (ERE) no contexto das contrarreformas do Estado e da crise estrutural do capitalismo, a partir das imposições do modelo de educação terciária desenhada pelos organismos internacionais do capital. Explicita elementos da contrarreforma administrativa e do processo de reestruturação do mundo do trabalho, analisando-os de forma articulada à conjuntura e sinalizando alguns dos impactos para a formação profissional do Serviço Social.

Abstract: This article addresses emergency remote education (ERE) in the context of state counter-reforms and the structural crisis of capitalism, based on the impositions of the tertiary education model designed by international capital organizations. It explains elements of the administrative counter-reform and the process of restructuring the world of work by analyzing in an articulated manner and pointing out some of the impacts on the professional training of Social Work.

Oportunidades para la docencia en nutrición no presencial en Venezuela / Opportunities for non-classroom nutrition teaching in Venezuela

Las actividades académicas en el mundo se vieron interrumpidas en su modalidad presencial debido a la COVID-19, que impuso medidas de confinamiento y distancia social, ello significó transitar de la modalidad presencial a una no presencial de emergencia. El uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) ha llegado para quedarse. Las brechas en las condiciones de acceso a internet y la asequibilidad, sumado a las fallas de otros servicios como el eléctrico en la región de América Latina y el Caribe y especialmente en Venezuela constituyen una nueva forma de exclusión para algunos segmentos de la población en todos los niveles educativos. Los tradicionales programas educativos deben transformarse y adaptarse a la educación a distancia, siendo necesario que los docentes aprendan a producir y gestionar contenidos y herramientas off line y on line para atender las demandas de los procesos sincrónicos y asincrónicos en sus modalidades híbridas o no presenciales. El dominio de las herramientas y las plataformas tecnológicas es fundamental para la planificación, diseño y ejecución de actividades virtuales y para la mejora de la educación universitaria. Se plantea revisar las oportunidades para la docencia no presencial del nutricionista en Venezuela. La actual emergencia educativa abre un mundo de posibilidades como el acceso abierto a la investigación en línea y el trabajo colaborativo, sin embargo en algunas asignaturas de las ciencias de la salud como la nutrición, la práctica seguirá siendo irremplazable(AU)

Academic activities worldwide were interrupted in face-to-face mode due to COVID-19, which imposed confinement and social distance measures, which meant moving from face-to-face to non-face-toface emergency. The use of information and communication technologies (ITC) is here to stay. The gaps in the conditions of internet access and affordability, added to the failures of other services such as electricity in the Latin American and Caribbean region and especially in Venezuela, constitute a new form of exclusion for some segments of the population in all educational levels. Traditional educational programs must be transformed and adapted to distance education, making it necessary for teachers to learn to produce and manage content and offline and online tools to meet the demands of synchronous and asynchronous processes in their hybrid or non-face-to-face modalities. Mastering the tools and technological platforms is essential for the planning, design and execution of virtual activities and for the improvement of university education. It is proposed to review the opportunities for non-classroom teaching of nutritionists in Venezuela. The current educational emergency opens up a world of possibilities such as open access to online research and collaborative work, however in some subjects in the health sciences such as nutrition, the practice will continue to be irreplaceable(AU)

Vivências do trabalho remoto no contexto da covid-19: reflexões com docentes de enfermagem / Experiencias del trabajo remoto en el contexto del covid-19: reflexiones con docentes de enfermería / Remote work experiences in the covid-19 context: reflections with nursing teachers

RESUMO Objetivo refletir sobre como os docentes de graduação em Enfermagem vivenciam as atividades do seu processo de trabalho no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 Método estudo qualitativo, reflexivo, do tipo pesquisa ação-participante, fundamentado nos pressupostos de Paulo Freire. Contou-se com a participação de 20 docentes de graduação em Enfermagem de universidades públicas e privadas do Sul do Brasil. O Itinerário de Pesquisa Freireano foi percorrido perpassando pela Investigação Temática, Codificação, Descodificação e Desvelamento Crítico, em um Círculo de Cultura Virtual realizado em agosto de 2020 Resultados os docentes de Enfermagem dialogaram sobre as repercussões do ensino não presencial na sua saúde. Refletiram acerca dos seus sentimentos no enfrentamento dessa modalidade de ensino e como o desenvolvem no contexto pandêmico Conclusão os resultados contribuem para a prática baseada em evidências de enfermeiros, fortalecendo a tomada de decisões quanto ao processo de trabalho docente no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19

RESUMEN Objetivo reflexionar sobre la manera en la que los docentes de la carrera de grado de Enfermería experimentan las actividades de su proceso de trabajo en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 Método estudio cualitativo y reflexivo, del tipo investigación acción-participante, fundamentado en los supuestos de Paulo Freire. Se contó con la participación de 20 docentes de la carrera de grado de Enfermería de universidades públicas y privadas del sur de Brasil. Se recorrió el Itinerario de Investigación de Paulo Freire pasando por la Investigación Temática, la Codificación, la Decodificación y el Desvelamiento Crítico, en un Círculo de Cultura Virtual realizado en agosto de 2020 Resultados los docentes de Enfermería dialogaron sobre las repercusiones de la enseñanza no presencial sobre su propia salud. Reflexionaron acerca de sus sentimientos al enfrentar esta modalidad de enseñanza y cómo la desarrollan en el contexto de la pandemia Conclusión los resultados contribuyen a la práctica basada en evidencias de los enfermeros, fortaleciendo así el proceso de toma de decisiones en relación al proceso de trabajo docente en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective to reflect on how undergraduate Nursing teachers experience the activities of their work process in the COVID-19 pandemic context Method a qualitative and reflection study of the action-participant research type, grounded on Paulo Freire's assumptions. The participants were 20 undergraduate Nursing teachers from public and private universities in southern Brazil. Paulo Freire's Research Itinerary was carried out through Thematic Research, Coding, Decoding, and Critical Unveiling, in a Virtual Culture Circle held in August 2020 Results the Nursing teachers discussed about the repercussions of remote teaching on their health. They reflected on their feelings in facing this teaching modality and on how they develop in the pandemic context Conclusion the results contribute to the nurses' evidence-based practice, strengthening decision-making regarding the teachers' work process in the COVID-19 pandemic context

Virtual mentoring for medical students in the Covid-19 times / Mentoria virtual para estudantes de medicina em tempos de covid-19

Abstract: Introduction: Throughout the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, schools had to adopt social distancing and remote learning, which, according to recent studies suggest an increase in depression, anxiety and behavioral disorders among university students. Medical training, which has a heavy load of psychological issues had to face this aggravating factor, reinforcing the need for support actions for students, such as mentoring programs. Mentoring programs offer empathetic and developmental support that encourages self-care, well-being and resilience. Experience report: A group of teacher-mentors from a medical school adapted the mentoring activities to a remote model, offering them to upper-level students who had already participated in mentoring, and, separately, to students who were newly enrolled in the medical course. In the remote format, the mentoring proposal was maintained as a "place of conversation", but on a digital platform. The technical follow-up was carried out by remote meetings of the group of teacher-mentors, and consultation with students through a self-administered online questionnaire. The data obtained were submitted to content analysis. Discussion: From March to December, 109 virtual mentoring meetings were held. The students considered the meetings satisfactory in terms of the quality of discussions, the mentors' attitudes and the emotional environment. The interactive development varied among groups, but it was observed to be easier in the groups of upper-level students. Among the newly-enrolled students, the recurring topic was the fear of poor performance in the tests, losing the semester, or not learning. Upper-level students highlighted the difficulties of adapting to remote learning and organizing their activities, and the decrease in practical activities. All groups reported fear of the pandemic, of death, of the worsening of parents' financial situation, and sadness about the loss of relatives to COVID-19. It drew the attention of the mentors the fact that the students, even in a welcoming space, kept the cameras turned off. Conclusion: For mentors and students, virtual mentoring worked as an important student support system. Upper-level students and first-year ones reported feeling cared for, supported and grateful, suggesting that the meetings allowed a good interaction and produced beneficial effects. A limitation of this study was the duration of the experiment. Therefore, it is recommended that the research be maintained.

Resumo: Introdução: Durante a pandemia de Sars-CoV-2, as escolas adotaram distanciamento social e atividades a distância que, segundo estudos recentes, sugerem o aumento de depressão, ansiedade e distúrbios de comportamento entre estudantes universitários. A formação médica que é marcada por forte estresse psicológico contou com esse agravante, reforçando a necessidade de ações de cuidado destinadas aos alunos, como os programas de mentoria. A mentoria de alunos oferece suporte empático e desenvolvimental que estimula autocuidado, bem-estar e resiliência. Relato de experiência: Um grupo de professores-mentores de uma escola médica adaptou atividades de mentoria para um modelo remoto dirigido aos alunos veteranos que já participavam da mentoria e separadamente aos estudantes recém-ingressos no curso médico. No formato remoto, manteve-se a proposta de mentoria como "lugar de conversa", mas em plataforma digital. O acompanhamento técnico da proposta se deu por meio de encontros remotos do grupo de mentores e de consulta aos alunos por meio de questionário autoaplicado on-line. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Discussão: De março a dezembro de 2020, realizaram-se 109 encontros de mentoria virtual. Os alunos consideraram satisfatórios os encontros remotos em termos de qualidade das discussões, atuação do mentor e ambiente emocional. A desenvoltura interativa variou entre grupos, mas foi facilitada nos grupos de veteranos. Entre os alunos ingressantes, o tema recorrente esteve atrelado ao sentimento de medo: de ter mau desempenho nas provas, de perder o semestre e de não aprender. Entre os veteranos, destacaram-se as dificuldades de adaptação ao ensino a distância e de organização diante do excesso de atividades, e a diminuição das atividades práticas. Todos os grupos relataram medo da pandemia, da morte e de a situação financeira dos pais piorar, além de tristeza em razão de perda de parentes pela Covid-19. Chamou a atenção dos mentores o fato de os alunos, mesmo em um espaço acolhedor, manterem fechadas as câmeras. Conclusão: Para os mentores e discentes, a mentoria virtual funcionou como importante suporte ao aluno. Veteranos e calouros relataram que se sentiam cuidados, fortalecidos e gratos, sugerindo que os encontros permitiram uma boa interação das pessoas e a produção de efeitos benéficos perceptíveis. Um limite deste estudo foi o tempo de experiência. Assim sendo, recomenda-se manter tal investigação.

Salas de Conversa: atividade integrativa de mentoria no contexto da Covid-19 / Chat Rooms: integrative mentoring activity in the context of Covid-19

Resumo: Introdução: O Programa de Mentoria da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) busca promover o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional do aluno durante seu período acadêmico. Por meio do método da escuta e do diálogo entre mentores e mentorados, a atividade de mentoria propicia o desenvolvimento da empatia e de outras habilidades emocionais importantes para uma prática médica humanizada e o bom convívio profissional. Busca também trazer para reflexão temas relativos à ética médica, à inserção do médico na comunidade, entre outros. Dentro dessa proposta, no contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus (Covid-19), o programa passou a desenvolver, além dos encontros on-line regulares, uma atividade integrativa intitulada "Salas de Conversa". Relato de experiência: Entre junho e dezembro de 2020, realizaram-se, mensalmente, seis salas de conversa com temas diversos. Os encontros ocorreram em salas virtuais e contaram com a participação de todos os grupos de mentoria e mentores cadastrados no programa, além de convidados que estiveram à frente das discussões. Discussão: O retorno positivo de discentes e docentes mostrou o potencial dessa modalidade de interação de complementar os encontros já desenvolvidos no Programa de Mentoria. A interação virtual apresentou entraves por limitações tecnológicas, todos contornados em tempo hábil, sem prejuízo dessa nova forma de experiência. Conclusão: As Salas de Conversa mostraram-se eficazes na superação das dificuldades de interação impostas pelo distanciamento físico da pandemia de Covid-19. Essa atividade abordou temáticas atuais e pertinentes não apenas à vida do estudante de Medicina, mas também à vida em sociedade, de modo a contribuir tanto para a formação médica quanto para a formação pessoal dos alunos e professores.

Abstract: Introduction: The Mentoring Program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte seeks to promote the student's personal and professional development during his academic training. Through the method of listening and dialogue between mentors and mentees, the mentoring activity promotes the development of empathy and other emotional skills important for a humanized medical practice and good professional life. It also seeks to bring up themes related to medical ethics, insertion of the doctor in the community, among others. Within this proposal, and against the backdrop of the new coronavirus pandemic, an integrative activity entitled "Chat Rooms" was implemented in addition to the regular online meetings. Experience report: From June to December 2020, six chat rooms with different themes were held monthly. The meetings were held in virtual rooms for all mentoring groups and mentors registered on the program, in addition to guests who were at the forefront of the discussions. Discussion: The positive feedback from students and mentors showed the potential of this type of interaction to complement the meetings already developed in the mentoring program. The virtual interaction presented obstacles due to technological limitations, all of which were overcome in a timely manner, without detriment to this new form of experience. Conclusion: The Chat Rooms proved to be effective in resolving the interaction difficulties imposed by the social distancing measures enforced by the Covid-19 pandemic. Bringing current and pertinent themes not only to the medical student's life but to life in the wider society, they contributed both to the medical training and personal training of students and mentors.

Establishment and application effect of fall prevention and control information system in elderly community / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate establishing, applying and evaluating the fall prevention and control information system in elderly community.@*METHODS@#Relying on internet technology and informatization means, the fall comprehensive prevention and control strategy of elderly was guided into online from offline. The fall prevention and control information system which was a collection of risk assessment, remote education and feedback was established. One hundred and twenty-six elderly (over 60 years old) in community were screened in this study and 84 high-risk elders who were involved in the remote continuous comprehensive intervention were screened out. Intervening measures included distributing propaganda album, making mission slides and video used to play with the interpretation remotely. Then fall related situation before and after intervention was analyzed and the effectiveness of system evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After remote intervention, the fall incidence of high-risk group decreased from 21.43% to 4.76%(<0.01). The body balance and gait stability improved clearly(<0. 01). The rate of taking proper prevention and control behavior significantly improved(<0.01). They believed in themselves not to fall down with more confidence when taking complex behaviors(<0.01). The security of environment at home significantly enhanced(<0. 01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Fall prevention and control information system in elderly community was innovative and convenient. The system could roundly assess the status related to fall and accurately screen out high-risk group. The system could implement the remote continuous comprehensive intervention so that the incident of fall was decrease. In conclusion, the system is stable and effective, can be further popularization and application as a successful pilot.

Comparative analysis of domestic and foreign medical MOOC / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Objective To provide the effective and convenient medical MOOC and remote medical education by comparatively analyzing domestic and foreign medical MOOC.Methods The following items were comparatively an-alyzed, including the number of medical MOOC, the universities offering medical MOOC, the languages used in teaching medical MOOC, the identification of MOOC, and the development of domestic and foreign medical MOOC on platforms of Coursera, edX, China university MOOC and people's health MOOC.Results The domestic medical MOOC still had a longer way to go than foreign medical MOOC in their number, scale and identification.Conclu-sion Domestic medical workers should grasp the opportunity to provide more effective and convenient medical MOOC platform.

Cluster Analysis of Research Hotspots of Remote Medical Education in the Last Ten Years / 医学信息学杂志

The paper uses bibliometrics method to analyze literatures in Web of ScienceTM relevant to remote medical education pub-lished from 2005 to 2015 and carries out cluster analysis, works out the main research directions in recent 10 years including evaluation of remote medical education in light of META Analysis;utilization of remoted medicine technology in continuing medical education;dis-cussion on the route, approach and experience of developing remote medical education; the method to enhance the medical care level, improve health of the patients and further raise their life quality.

MOOC and its application in medical library / 中华医学图书情报杂志

After the definition and emergence of MOOC and its development at home and abroad were described, the position of library under MOOC environment was discussed with stress laid on how to deepen the service in medical library by making use of MOOC and the challenges medical library is faced.