How Should We Approach Nurse Suicide in Korea: With the Aspect of Prevention-InterventionPostvention Management

Recently, nurse suicide has emerged as one of the major issues. We tried to review the status of nurse suicide and its management in Korea through inspecting related web sites, news articles, and research. However, there were no sufficient reports or statistics along with the research throughout the country. Moreover, there were no organized nurse suicide management systems or programs including suicide prevention, suicide intervention, suicide postvention management. In other countries, there were various trials and successful experiences about nurse suicide programs, and those have been managed in organized and integrated ways. It gave us a lot of implications. To effectively prevent and manage the nurse suicide in Korea, nursing workforce, nursing managers, and nursing researchers should be concerned about nurse suicide. Furthermore, discussions and the research must be made actively. Based on such efforts, appropriate programs, organized manage systems, and policies must be devised at institution and national level.

How Should We Approach Nurse Suicide in Korea: With the Aspect of Prevention-InterventionPostvention Management

Recently, nurse suicide has emerged as one of the major issues. We tried to review the status of nurse suicide and its management in Korea through inspecting related web sites, news articles, and research. However, there were no sufficient reports or statistics along with the research throughout the country. Moreover, there were no organized nurse suicide management systems or programs including suicide prevention, suicide intervention, suicide postvention management. In other countries, there were various trials and successful experiences about nurse suicide programs, and those have been managed in organized and integrated ways. It gave us a lot of implications. To effectively prevent and manage the nurse suicide in Korea, nursing workforce, nursing managers, and nursing researchers should be concerned about nurse suicide. Furthermore, discussions and the research must be made actively. Based on such efforts, appropriate programs, organized manage systems, and policies must be devised at institution and national level.

Effects of Organizational Socialization, Perceived Organizational Vision and Attitude toward Organizational Change on Organizational Commitment of General Hospital Nurses / 간호행정학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of organizational socialization, perceived organizational vision, and attitude toward organizational change on organizational commitment of nurses working in one hospital. @*Methods@#This study was conducted with 441 participants in a hospital in A city, South Korea from Nov. 1 to 30 2017.Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression with the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. @*Results@#There were significant correlations among organizational socialization, perceived organizational vision, attitude toward organizational change and organizational commitment. The factors that significantly influenced organizational commitment were organizational socialization (β=.10 p=.015). perceived organizational vision (β=.20, p<.001), and attitude toward organizational change (β=.44, p<.001). These variables explained 50.0% of the variance in organizational commitment. @*Conclusion@#The findings indicates that organizational socialization, perceived organizational vision and attitude toward organizational change affect organizational commitment.

Effects of Organizational Socialization, Perceived Organizational Vision and Attitude toward Organizational Change on Organizational Commitment of General Hospital Nurses / 간호행정학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of organizational socialization, perceived organizational vision, and attitude toward organizational change on organizational commitment of nurses working in one hospital. @*Methods@#This study was conducted with 441 participants in a hospital in A city, South Korea from Nov. 1 to 30 2017.Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression with the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. @*Results@#There were significant correlations among organizational socialization, perceived organizational vision, attitude toward organizational change and organizational commitment. The factors that significantly influenced organizational commitment were organizational socialization (β=.10 p=.015). perceived organizational vision (β=.20, p<.001), and attitude toward organizational change (β=.44, p<.001). These variables explained 50.0% of the variance in organizational commitment. @*Conclusion@#The findings indicates that organizational socialization, perceived organizational vision and attitude toward organizational change affect organizational commitment.

Effects of Organizational Silence and Professionalism on Job Embeddedness among Nurses in Hospital Management / 임상간호연구

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide data to establish an efficient manpower management plan so that the organization can identify the influence of organizational silence and professionalism on job embeddedness among nurses in hospital management. METHODS: Self-report questionnaires were distributed to 150 nurses in hospital management who were working in general hospitals with less than 900 beds but more than 300 beds in the districts of Seoul and Gyunggi, Gangwon province. Of the questionnaires, 127 out of 150 copies were collected and 120 copies were used for final analysis. Seven were not considered sincere in the responses. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 22.0 statistic program, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression. RESULTS: Organizational silence and professionalism had significant influence on job embeddedness, which explained 43.4% of job embeddedness. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that in order to raise job embeddedness, it is necessary to provide various programs to change communication patterns in the nurses in hospital management, and to create environments in which nurses in hospital management can present various opinions.

Influence of Nurses' Followership Types and Ego-Resilience on Job Embeddedness / 임상간호연구

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the influence of nurses' followership types and ego-resilience on job embeddedness. METHODS: Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to 546 nurses working at hospitals with 400 to 700 beds in Seoul and Gangwon Province, and 520 sincere questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS / WIN ver 23.0 program. RESULTS: The job embeddedness, ego-resilience and followership types of the participants showed significant correlation with each other. In hierarchical multiple regression analysis, nurses' followership types and ego-resilience were identified as predictors of job embeddedness (Adj. R2=0.34, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Findings of this study indicate that nurses need to develop their followership and ego-resilience to increase job embeddedness. Future studies should explore ways to improve followership and ego-resilience.

School Life Experience of Male Nursing Students Reinstated at School after Military Service / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore and describe the school life experience of male nursing students reinstated at school after military service. METHODS: The participants in the current study were 20 male nursing students from three universities. The data were collected in focus group interviews, and an inductive content analysis was performed on the data obtained from six focus groups. RESULTS: The content relating to the school experience of the participants was categorized into four themes: making a new start, facing challenges, trying to find one's place, and confusion about one's professional identity. CONCLUSION: Nursing education in Korea needs to be reconsidered, as it adheres to a gender-stereotyped identity. This study provides implications for improving the content and quality of nursing education.

Influence of Workplace Bullying and Resilience on the Organizational Commitment in General Hospital Nurses / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of workplace bullying experience and resilience on organizational commitment in general hospital nurses. METHODS: Participants were 250 nurses of a general hospital in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Gangwoen-do. Data were collected using the structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: As a result of multiple regression analysis, workplace bullying, resilience, clinical career, and work unit turned out to be variables that explained general hospital nurses' organizational commitment (Adj. R²=0.17, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that bullying and resilience were defined as the influential variables on organizational commitment of nurses. Therefore strategies and programs about workplace bullying and resilience are needed to be developed.

Development of the Core Task and Competency Matrix for Unit Managers / 임상간호연구

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop the nursing management core task and competency matrix for hospital unit managers. The perceived level of importance and performance of identified core competencies by unit managers were also investigated. METHODS: Literature review and expert survey identified nursing management core task and competencies. Subsequently, the core task and competency matrix was developed and validated by expert panel. A survey of 196 nurse managers from 3 cities identified perceived importance and performance of core competiences. RESULTS: Thirty-eight nursing management core task and thirty-seven nursing management core competencies were identified comprising five categories; Clinical practice knowledge, Evidence-based practice, Employee development, Strategic planning and Initiative. Based on the core task and competencies, the task and competency matrix for unit managers was developed. In the analysis of importance and performance of core competencies, the mean score of importance (3.50±0.30) was higher than the mean score of performance (3.03±0.34). CONCLUSION: The development of core task and competencies for unit managers in hospitals provides a guide for the development and evaluation of programs designed to increase competence of unit managers.

Influence of Professionalism, Role Conflict and Work Environment in Clinical Nurses with Expanded Role on Job Enbeddedness / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the influence of professionalism, role conflict and work environment in clinical nurses with expanded role (CNE) on job embeddedness. METHODS: The participants in this study were 136 CNE working in general hospitals in Seoul, the wider metropolitan area and Gangwon Province. RESULTS: Job embeddedness, work environment and professional performance of the participants showed positive correlation with each other. Significant predictors of embeddeness were belief in public service and sense of calling in the professional subcategory and participation in hospital affairs and nurse-doctor relationship in the work environment subcategory. CONCLUSION: Finding from this study indicate the need to evaluate and improve the significant predictors of job embeddedness for CNE.

Analysis of Students Experience related of Nursing Management Clinical Practice: Text Network Analysis Method / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze students experiences during clinical practice in nursing management. METHODS: Assessing through computerized databases, self-reflection reports of 57 students were analyzed. Text network analysis was applied to examine the research. The keywords from each student's reports were extracted by using the programs, KrKwic and NetMiner. RESULTS: The results of the keyword network analysis of what students learned in the nursing process included 27 words. The keyword network analysis of what students learned from the problem solving process included 23 words and the keyword network analysis of improvements in Clinical Practice of Nursing included 31 words. CONCLUSION: Studies related to clinical practice have been increasing, and themes of the studies have also become broader. Further research is required to investigate factors affecting clinical practice specifically in nursing management. Further comparative studies are necessary to define differences in clinical practice systems related to improving nursing students competency.

Organizational Culture and Organizational Support as Factors Affecting the Innovative Behaviors of General Hospital Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of organizational culture and organizational support on the innovative behavior of general hospital nurses. METHODS: The participants in this study were 356 nurses, working in hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, and Daejeon City. Data were collected from June to August, 2012. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: The organizational culture positively correlated with innovative behavior. The most significant predictors of innovative behavior were age, organizational support and hierarchy-oriented culture. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that nurses' organizational culture and organizational support were linked to innovative behavior. Management-level workers in these hospitals should have the skills and strategies to develop nurses' innovative behavior and increases nurses' recognition of organizational support to achieve high performance through innovation.

Influence of Types of Leadership and Organizational Culture on Innovative Behavior of Professional Staff of a General Hospital / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify factors affecting the innovative behavior of general hospital professional staff. METHODS: In the final analysis, the study focuses on the 442 structured questionnaires received from the professional staff (doctors, nurses, medical technicians, and administrative staff) of H Hospital, a public medical foundation. Data were collected from August 1 to 31, 2014. The SPSS/WIN 19.0 program was used for data analysis which included t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Multiple regression showed that factors affecting innovative behavior of hospital professional staff were conditional reward, innovation-oriented culture, education, and job (Adj R2=.317). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that it is necessary for the leader to demonstrate leadership with innovation and transaction in harmony to cultivate innovative behavior in hospital staff. Also, positive support and role in the hospital organization are fundamental to developing the strengths that each type of culture possess on the basis of the organizational culture of hospital, enabling hospital staff to exhibit their best voluntary innovative behavior.

Factors Affecting the Social Distance between Minority Groups and Nursing Cadets / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the social distance between minority groups and nursing cadets. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A questionnaire was distributed to the entire Armed Forces Nursing Academy cadets. Data from 273 nursing cadets were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Social distance had positive correlations with collective identity (r=.28) and multiculturalism (r=.37). A negative correlation was found between social distance and perceived threat (r=-.38). Perceived threat, multiculturalism, collective identity, and frequency of contact with minorities were identified as factors affecting the social distance. The model explained 24% of the variables. CONCLUSION: To effectively respond to the minority groups' nursing needs in the army, educational programs which help to reduce the perceived threat, to strengthen multiculturalism, and to establish a healthy collective identity of nursing cadets need to be developed.

Factors Influencing Nurse Turnover Intention in Small and Medium Sized Hospitals in the Metropolitan Area / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing nurse turnover intention in small and medium sized hospitals in the metropolitan area. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A questionnaire was distributed to the nurses in small and medium sized hospitals. The data of 209 nurses was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULTS: Organizational commitment and age were identified as factors influencing turnover intention. These factors explained 56.8% of variance of turnover intention. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that establishment of organizational commitment needs to be discussed and continuously developed. Further study is also necessary to identify the key mechanism in nurse turnover intention.

Issues and Challenges of Nurse Workforce Policy: A Critical Review and Implication / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: In this paper issues and challenges of the workforce policy for nursing were explored and appropriate policy responses identified. RESULTS: Many countries, including South Korea, are facing a shortage of nurses. In South Korea, the number of practicing registered nurses is about half the average for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries. The shortage of nurses is not necessarily a shortage of individuals with nursing qualifications but also includes complex issues, such as lack of well-educated nurses, shortage of nurses willing to work, and geographical imbalances of nurses. The present nurse workforce policies are to increase number of nursing schools, to reduce the length of training, and to replace nurses with nursing assistants. However, the findings of many studies have shown that these attempts resulted in a worsening of patient outcomes and increasingly low quality of care. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study indicate that nurse workforce policy should have a multi-faceted approach in order to address the many factors affecting nurse shortages.

Review of Self-Administered Instruments to Measure Cultural Competence of Nurses-Focused on IAPCC & CCA / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: As Korean society has rapidly become multicultural in the last few decades, it is essential for nurses to become culturally competent to provide effective care for ethnically and culturally diverse populations. Considering the advantages of standardized instrument, there is a need to evaluate current cultural competence instruments to assess adaptability to Korean nurses. METHODS: Using Macdowell's instrument evaluation guideline, a review and evaluation was done of the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals (IAPCC) and Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA), which were both developed based on cultural competence theoretical models and have been commonly used in nursing research. Two other Korean instruments were also evaluated. RESULTS: The instruments reviewed have limitations in reliability and validity, as well as cultural background and development process, for measurement of cultural competence in Korean nurses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to discuss and agree on a definition of what cultural competence is and to develop instruments to measure cultural competence in Korean nurses.

Change Commitment and Learning Orientation as Factors Affecting the Innovativeness of Clinical Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of change commitment and learning orientation on the innovativeness of clinical nurse. METHODS: The participants in this study were 268 nurses, working in hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, and Daejeon City. Data were collected from June to August, 2012. A structured questionnaire was used for data collect and data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: The most significant predictors of innovativeness were education, normative commitment, continuance commitment and learning commitment. Continuance commitment negatively correlated with innovativeness. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that nurses' commitment to change and learning commitment were strongly linked to innovativeness. Management-level workers in these hospitals should have the skills and strategies to promote commitment to change include developing positive expectations about change positive outcomes.

Utilization Pattern and Cost of Medical Treatment and Complementary Alternative Therapy in Children with Atopic Dermatitis / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

PURPOSE: To investigate utilization patterns and cost of medical treatment of complementary alternative therapy in children with atopic dermatitis. METHODS: A self-reported questionnaire concerning utilization pattern and cost of medical treatment of complementary alternative therapy was completed by 196 children <12-year-of-age diagnosed with atopic dermatitis for over 1 year. Descriptive, t-test, and analysis of variance analyses were performed. RESULTS: About 70% of children reported the use of alternative therapy methods including, in order of frequency, bath, herbal medicine, supplemental foods, aroma therapy, massage, and acupuncture. During the previous 12 months, direct costs for these hospital treatments averaged 596,300 Korean Won (KRW, the currency of South Korea). The time cost averaged 657,000 KRW and transportation expenses averaged 598,000 KRW of indirect cost of hospital treatment. The direct cost for complementary alternative therapy averaged 741,000 KRW. The time cost averaged 340,000 KRW and transportation expenses averaged 810,000 KRW of indirect cost of complementary alternative therapy. There was a statistically significant relationship between direct cost of complementary alternative therapy and family income. CONCLUSION: The cost of complementary alternative therapy exceeded the cost of hospital treatment, and indirect costs exceeded direct costs. Analyses of cost-effectiveness of patient treatment should include complementary alternative therapy.

Relationship Between Organizational Communication Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among Hospital Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to analyze the relationship between organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment among hospital nurses. METHOD: A survey was conducted with 647 nurses who were working in 24 hospitals in Korea. Data were collected during August 2010. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean level of organizational communication satisfaction was 3.15 (min 1.88 -max 4.88) and the mean level of organizational commitment was 3.21 (min 1.33 - max 4.83). There was a statistically significant correlation between organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment (r=. 655). According to analysis of the impact of the subconstructions of organizational communication satisfaction on organizational commitment, the following factors had significant influence on organizational communication satisfaction: vertical communication, communication media, and organizational climate. CONCLUSION: These findings showed that communication satisfaction was the most important factor for nurses' organizational commitment. Therefore, there is a need to develop communication strategies and skills for hospital nurses to increase the level of communication satisfaction.