RESUMO
Liver damage induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) was obvious macroscopically as well as microscopically in stained sections. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were also significantly raised. Adenosine and inosine effectively countered the damage when these were given before and during the period during which CCl4 produces the typical damage. The beneficial effect was seen in biochemical as well as pathological studies.
Assuntos
Adenosina/uso terapêutico , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/complicações , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Inosina/uso terapêutico , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopatias/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangueRESUMO
Liver necrosis was produced in rats by administering 3 doses of a mixture of carbon tetrachloride + olive oil, 2 ml/kg, ip. The liver damage was evidenced by the elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and by histopathological observations of liver sections. Aspartate and glutamate administration (100 mg/kg, ip) significantly reduced these elevated levels of AST, ALT, and gamma-GT. Carbon tetrachloride induced liver necrosis was also found to be significantly reduced in aspartate and glutamate pretreated animals as observed macroscopically and histologically.
Assuntos
Animais , Ácido Aspártico/uso terapêutico , Tetracloreto de Carbono/antagonistas & inibidores , Glutamatos/uso terapêutico , Hepatopatias/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Necrose/induzido quimicamente , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
Cardiac necrosis was produced in rats by administering isoproterenol sulphate (85 mg/kg, sc for 4 days). The myocardial damage was proved by observing the elevated levels of serum aspartate amino-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase and the changes were confirmed by histopathology of the tissue. Both aspartate and glutamate (100 mg/kg, ip) significantly reduced the elevated levels of these enzymes. The average degree of cardiac necrosis produced in these rats when observed macroscopically and histologically was also found to be significantly reduced on pretreatment with aspartate and glutamate.
Assuntos
Animais , Ácido Aspártico/farmacologia , Feminino , Glutamatos/farmacologia , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , RatosAssuntos
Animais , Feminino , Glaucoma/sangue , Pressão Intraocular , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , CoelhosAssuntos
Adulto , Clordiazepóxido/administração & dosagem , Combinação de Medicamentos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Oxifenônio/farmacologia , Parassimpatolíticos/farmacologia , Propantelina/farmacologia , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/administração & dosagem , Quinuclidinas/administração & dosagem , Salivação/efeitos dos fármacos , Trifluoperazina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Platelet functions (platelet aggregation and adhesiveness) were studied in volunteers of different blood groups. The platelet aggregation time was found to be significantly (P less than 0.01) more in blood group O as compared A, B and AB blood groups. Similarly, platelet adhesive index was higher in A, B and AB blood groups when compared to that of blood group O. The administration of a single dose of aspirin (4 mg/kg, po) increased the platelet aggregation time and reduced the platelet adhesive index in all the blood groups.
Assuntos
Aspirina/farmacologia , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adesividade Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A new withanolide, with a unique chemical structure similar to the aglycones of the cardiac glycosides, with mol. wt. 488 6, m. p. 260-261 degrees, isolated from the fruits of Withania coagulans, was screened for cardiovascular effects. At doses of 5 mg/kg body weight, the withanolide produced a moderate fall of blood pressure in dogs (34 +/- 2.1, mm Hg) which was blocked by atropine and not by mepyramine or propranolol. In rabbit Langendorff preparation and ECG studies, it produced myocardial depressant effects but in perfused frog heart it produced mild positive inotropic and chronotropic effects.
Assuntos
Animais , Anuros , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cães , Eletrocardiografia , Ergosterol/análogos & derivados , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Membro Posterior/irrigação sanguínea , Coelhos , Ratos , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacos , Respiração/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Platelet aggregation time was significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased in female rabbits treated with oral contraceptive (a preparation containing low dose of estrogen) as also by injection of diethylstilbestrol (10 mg/kg), while in animals that received indomethacin (10 mg/kg) or aspirin (30 mg/kg) (PG synthetase inhibitors) along with oral contraceptives or diethylstilbestrol there was no significant alteration in platelet aggregation time. The increased synthesis of prostaglandins or some of the intermediary product like TXA2 might be responsible for this effect.
Assuntos
Animais , Aspirina/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais Orais/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais Orais Combinados/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais Orais Hormonais/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais Orais Sequenciais/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase , Dietilestilbestrol/farmacologia , Etinilestradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Indometacina/farmacologia , Linestrenol/farmacologia , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , CoelhosRESUMO
The effect of glucagon in arrhythmias induced by coronary artery occlusion and ouabain was studied in dogs. Intravenous administration of glucagon (50 microgram/kg) to 6 dogs with more than 70% ectopic activity after coronary artery occlusion, resulted in significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in ectopics and increase in heart rate. Infusion of glucagon (2.5 microgram/kg/min) for 30 min caused complete elimination of ectopic activity during infusion period. In another series of 7 experiments, glucagon failed to abolish the ouabain-induced ectopic beats. In fact the hormone itself caused a significant (P less tha 0.01) increase in ectopic activity and heart rate. However, in 7 dogs with complete heart block produced after ouabain conversion to normal sinus rhythm was observed after glucagon.
Assuntos
Animais , Antiarrítmicos , Arritmias Cardíacas/induzido quimicamente , Vasos Coronários/fisiologia , Cães , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Glucagon/farmacologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ouabaína/farmacologiaAssuntos
Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cães , Glucagon/farmacologia , Masculino , RatosRESUMO
In rat hind-quarter perfusion experiments, glucagon (1 microgram) produced a significant vasodilation. On the other hand, in experiments with isolated perfused rabbit heart, glucagon (1 microgram) caused coronary vasoconstriction irrespective of whether noradrenaline was added to perfusion fluid or not. Glucagon had no effect on rate or force of contraction of heart.