Efeito do fotoperíodo no crescimento, consumo alimentar e qualidade da carcaça de tilápias invertidas / Photoperiod effect on growth, feed intake and carcass quality reversed tilapia / Efecto de fotoperiodo en el crecimiento, consumo alimentar y calidad de caparazón de tilapias invertidas

A incidência luminosa pode induzir diversos efeitos sobre o crescimento, alimentação, desenvolvimento e reprodução de peixes. O fotoperíodo é sinal principal para maior influência sobre o ritmo circadiano dos peixes e pode afetar o ganho de peso, a ingestão de alimento e a utilização de energia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes regimes de fotoperíodo no crescimento, consumo alimentar e qualidade da carcaça de tilápias invertidas, em um sistema fechado. Foram utilizados 150 alevinos de tilápias invertidas, provenientes da estação de piscicultura. Os peixes foram acondicionados e distribuídos em 15 aquários com a capacidade de 65 litros cada um, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos diferenciarão nas simulações dos fotoperíodos emerais (horas de luz) que durarão T1= 24 horas de escuro, T2= 12 horas de escuro e 12 horas de Luz, T3= 24 horas de luz. Cada peixe foi considerado uma unidade experimental. Não houve diferença significativa para desempenho, mas houve diferença para Índice gonadossomático (IGS). Conclui-se que o fotoperíodo (12L:12E) promove melhor índice gonadossomático em tilápia. Para melhor qualidade de carcaça e desempenho produtivo sugere o fotoperíodo (24L:0E).

The light incidence can induce different effects on growth, feeding and development and reproduction of fish. The photoperiod is the main signal for greater influence on the circadian rhythm of the fish and can affect weight gain, feed intake and energy use. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of different photoperiodic regimes on growth, feed intake and carcass tilapia quality reversed in a closed system. 150 were used fry reversed tilapia, from fish farming station. The fish were packed and distributed in 15 tanks with a capacity of 65 liters each, in a completely randomized design with three treatments and five repetitions. Treatments differentiate in the simulations of emerais photoperiod (light hours) that will last T1 = 24 hours dark, T2 = 12 hours of darkness and 12 hours light, T3 = 24 hours of light. Each fish was considered an experimental unit. There was no significant difference in performance, but there were differences for IGS. I conclude that the photoperiod (12L: 12D) promotes better GSI in tilapia. To better carcass quality and growth performance suggests the photoperiod (24L: 0D).

La incidencia de luz puede inducir diversos efectos sobre el crecimiento, alimentación, desarrollo y reproducción de peces. El fotoperiodo es la señal principal de una mayor influencia en el ritmo circadiano de los peces y puede afectar la ganancia de peso, la ingestión de alimento y el consumo de energía. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido demostrar los efectos de diferentes regímenes de fotoperiodo sobre el crecimiento, consumo alimentar y calidad de caparazón de tilapias invertidas, en un sistema cerrado. Se utilizaron 150 alevines de tilapias invertidas, provenientes de la estación de piscicultura. Los peces fueron acondicionados y distribuidos en 15 tanques con una capacidad de 65 litros cada uno, en un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Los tratamientos se diferencian en las simulaciones de fotoperiodos emerales (horas de luz) que durarán T1 = 24 horas de oscuridad, T2 = 12 horas de oscuridad y 12 horas de luz, T3 = 24 horas de luz. Cada pez fue considerado una unidad experimental. No hubo diferencia significativa en el rendimiento, pero hubo diferencia para el Índice Gonadosomático (IGS). Se concluye que el fotoperiodo (12L: 12D) promueve mejor GSI en tilapia. Para mejor calidad de caparazón y rendimiento de la producción se sugiere fotoperiodo (24L: 0E).

Poisoning after ingestion of pufferfish in Brazil: report of 11 cases

In this brief communication the authors report eleven cases of human poisoning caused by ingestion of pufferfish meat. Three patients (two children and one adult) were seriously affected. The circumstances that precipitated the poisoning are discussed as well as the clinical aspects observed. No deaths were registered and the patients did not present sequelae after the episode.(AU)

Detection of some pesticides residues in beef and mutton meat in Menofia governorate

A total one hundred and sixty samples of beef and Mutton meat [eighty of each]. Collected from butcher's shops in four centers of Menofia governorate [Kausina, Menouf, Ashmoun and Shebin Elkom]. Twenty samples of each center were collected from each center and subjected to fat extraction and determination of some organo chlorine pesticide residues by G.C. [Gas chromatography]. Organochlorine residues including total DDT, [HCH] alpha-hexachlorocyclohexan Hexachlorobenzene [HCB], aldrin, dieldrin, endrine, toxaphene and heptachlorepoxide with an incidence from beef meat were [12.5%, 10%, 10%, 10%, 10%12.5%, 0% and 0%] respectively. While the residue levels were detected in Mutton meat with an incidence [25%, and 12.5% respectively]. The Most detectable chlorinated hydrocarbones residues were total DDT in Both Meat samples either beef or mutton, while Toxaphene residue could not be detected in beef Meat. All examined samples were sanitary safe for human consumption according to comparison with FAO/WHO records the chlorinated hydrocarbon residues gave us indicator for safety environment from different types of pollution

Oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats induced by poisonous pufferfish (Lagocephalus lagocephalus) meat

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of pufferfish (Lagocephalus lagocephalus) meat poisoning on hepatic functions of Wistar rats. For this purpose, groups of rats (Lcr, Lcu+b and Lcu-b) received diet supplemented with 10 percent of raw or cooked meat, respectively, with or without cooking water of L. lagocephalus while groups Mcr and Mcu+b received diet supplemented with 10 percent of raw or cooked meat of Liza aurata, which were used as a negative control. In Lcu+b group, ALT, AST and ALP rates (hepatic enzyme markers) decreased after two months of treatment, indicating liver damage. We also observed an increase of 54 and 65 percent of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in their livers respectively 48 hours and two months after treatment compared to controls. The catalase (CAT) activity in group Lcu+b decreased (p < 0.05) after two periods of treatment, whereas metallothionein (MT) level significantly increased and decreased, respectively after 48 hours and two months. In fact, in the histological analysis of the livers from Lcu+b treated group, we observed an increase in vacuolisation, necrosis, hepatocytes ballooning and sinusoids dilation. These results indicate that L. lagocephalus meat cooked with water produces hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage.(AU)

Métodos de insensibilizaçäo de suinos e seus efeitos na qualidade da carne / Effects os stunning methods on the quality of pigmeat

Os principais métodos de insensibilizaçäo de suínos, aplicados nos países desenvolvidos, em caráter obrigatório e com uso permitido no Brasil, säo revistos em suas características básicas e viabilidade industrial. Enfase é dada quanto à influência da insensibilizaçäo sobre a qualidade da carne, considerando as alteraçöes de suas propriedades e os efeitos nos aspectos sensorial e de processamento. Ainda säo discutidos a relaçäo entre concentraçöes de catecolaminas e metabolismo animal, contraçöes musculares, fraturas ósseas, pontuaçöes hemorrágicas e custos como fatores relevantes que interferem na qualidade da carne e na seleçäo de método de insensibilizaçäo mais adequado

Investigación químico-toxicológico de nitritos, nitratos y nitrosaminas en embutidos y carnes curados / Chemical-toxicology investigation of nitrite, nitrates, and nitrosamines in meals

La determinación de nitrosaminas en embutidos y carnes curadas es el primer estudio de esta naturaleza que se realiza en el Perú. En la determinación de nitritos y nitratos se ha empleado los métodos espectrofotométricos de la AOAC. Para la determinación de nitroseminas se ha empleado un método apropiado a nuestras condiciones de trabajo, considerando cierto rango de sensibilidad en la cromatografía por capa fina recomendada por diferentes investigadores. Se ha encontrado niveles de nitritos considerados peligrosos en algunas muestras (342 mg/k). Así mismo, se ha encontrado que la nitrosemina de mayor incidencia fue la nitrosodibutilamina (MDBA): 16 por ciento de las muestras, el grupo de mayor incidencia de nitrosaminas fue el chicharón de prensa, 100 por ciento y el grupo que no presentó nitrosaminas fue el de las jamonadas 0 por ciento. Es necesario tener cierta restricción en el empleo de nitritos, por el grave peligro que contrañan, reglamentando su empleo, y la presencia de nitrosaminas por ser altamente cancerígenos aún a dosis muy bajas (ug/g).