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1.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 68(6): 570-5, 2008 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18559195

ABSTRACT

AIM: Compare the variations of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) levels at birth and at the first year of age in children on extended breast-feeding, medium term breast-feeding and formula feeding. PATIENTS: 77 healthy term infants divided in three groups: A (N=25): extended breast-feeding (more than 6 months), B (N=26): medium term breast-feeding (more than 3 and less than 5 months) and C (N=26): exclusive formula feeding. Fatty acids in plasma were measured at birth and at the first year of age. RESULTS: There were no differences in the levels at birth. However, there is a significant decrease in the proportion of the main LCPUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), between birth and the first year of age. At one year of age, the percentage of DHA in Group A differs significantly between the other two: 2.46+/-0.84 vs. 1.80+/-0.48 and 1.89+/-0.75 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: 1. At birth, there are no differences in LCPUFA. 2. A significant decrease in the main LCPUFA is observed with age. 3. The extended breast-feeding group shows higher DHA levels than the other two. Therefore, breast-feeding for more than 6 months is required to achieve higher plasma DHA values.


Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/blood , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/blood , Infant Formula , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male
2.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 68(6): 570-575, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-65717

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparar las variaciones de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (LCPUFA) al nacer y al año de edad en niños alimentados con lactancia materna prolongada, lactancia materna de duración media y fórmula artificial. Pacientes: Un total de 77 niños sanos a término con alimentación conocida fueron divididos en grupos: el grupo A (n = 25) había recibido lactancia prolongada (más de 6 meses); el B (n = 26), lactancia media (más de 3 meses y menos de 5), y el C (n = 26), cuyos sujetos fueron alimentados únicamente con fórmula artificial. Se midió la proporción de ácidos grasos plasmáticos al nacer y al primer año de vida. Resultados: No existen diferencias en el momento del nacimiento. Sin embargo, hay una disminución significativa de la proporción de los principales LCPUFA, ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) y ácido araquidónico (AA), entre el nacimiento y el primer año de vida. Al año, el porcentaje de DHA varía significativamente entre el grupo A y los otros dos: 2,46 ± 0,84 frente a 1,80 ± 0,48 y 1,89 ± 0,75 (p < 0,01). Conclusiones: 1. Al nacer no existen diferencias en el contenido de LCPUFA. 2. Se observa una disminución significativa de los principales LCPUFA con la edad. 3. El grupo con lactancia materna prolongada posee mayores proporciones de DHA que los otros dos. Por consiguiente, la lactancia durante más de 6 meses es necesaria para obtener valores más elevados de DHA (AU)


Aim: Compare the variations of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) levels at birth and at the first year of age in children on extended breast-feeding, medium term breast-feeding and formula feeding. Patients: 77 healthy term infants divided in three groups: A (N = 25): extended breast-feeding (more than 6 months), B (N = 26): medium term breast-feeding (more than 3 and less than 5 months) and C (N = 26): exclusive formula feeding. Fatty acids in plasma were measured at birth and at the first year of age. Results: There were no differences in the levels at birth. However, there is a significant decrease in the proportion of the main LCPUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), between birth and the first year of age. At one year of age, the percentage of DHA in Group A differs significantly between the other two: 2.46 ± 0.84 vs. 1.80 ± 0.48 and 1.89 ± 0.75 (p < 0.01). Conclusions: 1. At birth, there are no differences in LCPUFA. 2. A significant decrease in the main LCPUFA is observed with age. 3. The extended breast-feeding group shows higher DHA levels than the other two. Therefore, breast-feeding for more than 6 months is required to achieve higher plasma DHA values (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Fatty Acids/analysis , Fatty Acids/chemical synthesis , Birth Weight/physiology , Arachidonic Acid/analysis , Analysis of Variance , Feeding Methods/statistics & numerical data , Feeding Methods/trends , Feeding Methods , Breast Feeding , Lactation/physiology , Bottle Feeding/trends , Bottle Feeding
3.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 18(3): 151-155, jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-046229

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Establecer si existen diferencias clínicas, analíticas y de estudios de imagen en los niños diagnosticados de apendicitis, en la segunda o sucesivas consultas, respecto a los diagnosticados en su primera consulta, en nuestro servicio de urgencias. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de las historias clínicas de los 252 niños con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de apendicitis, durante los años 1999 y 2000. Se clasificaron los pacientes en 2 grupos. Los diagnosticados en su primera consulta (A), versus los que lo fueron en la segunda o sucesivas (B). Resultados: De los 252 niños diagnosticados de apendicitis, 38 (15%) habían consultado previamente en el mismo episodio. Los diagnósticos al alta en esa primera consulta fueron: Dolor abdominal inespecífico (26), diarrea (9), vómitos (2), adenitis mesentérica (1). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el tiempo de evolución de los síntomas en su primera consulta en urgencias, A (26,84 ± 32,11 horas) versus B (11,31 ± 7,28 horas); edad media, A (114,07 ± 35,63 meses) versus B (98,24 ± 40,5 meses); presencia de diarrea, A (15; 7%) versus B ( 8; 23,6%); presencia de dolor localizado en fosa ilíaca derecha, A (144; 67%) versus B (12; 31%) y exploración física sugestiva, A (138; 64%) versus B (5; 13%). También en el número de pruebas radiológicas realizadas hubo diferencias significativas. Se realizó Rx de abdomen a 200 niños del grupo A (93%) versus 14 del grupo B (37%); ecografía abdominal a 89 niños del grupo A (42%) versus 7 del B (21%). Dentro de las pruebas analíticas se encontró diferencia significativa en el valor de la proteína C reactiva, grupo A (5,01 ± 7,2 mg/dl), versus grupo B (2,2 ± 2,3 mg/dl). En el grupo A hubo 70 (33%) apendicitis perforadas versus 25 (66%) en el B. La media de días de hospitalización fue de 5,75 ± 3,9 para el grupo A versus 7,84 ± 5,5 para el B, siendo también una diferencia significativa. No se encontraron diferencias entre los dos grupos en la presencia de fiebre, vómitos ni leucocitosis. Conclusiones: El retraso en el diagnóstico en la apendicitis aguda se asocia a: un aumento del número de apendicitis perforadas, con el consiguiente incremento de la morbi-mortalidad y aumento de días de hospitalización. Los errores diagnósticos en la primera consulta en urgencias se deben sobre todo al menor tiempo de evolución de los síntomas. También influyen la presencia de síntomas inespecíficos como la diarrea y la menor edad de los pacientes. Las pruebas diagnósticas tienen un escaso valor en los casos poco evolucionados (AU)


Aim: To assess whether clinical, analytical and/or image studies differences do exist among children with a diagnosis of appendicitis in second or successive visits as compared to those diagnosed on the first visit in our Emergency Outpatient Ward. Methods: Retrospective study of the clinical records of 252 children with an anatomopathological diagnosis of appendicitis between 1999 and 2000. Patients were classified into two groups: those diagnosed during the first visit (A), versus those diagnosed in the second or successive visits (B). Results: From among the 252 children with a diagnosis of appendicitis, 38 (15%) had a previous consultation during the same episode. The discharge diagnoses upon that first visit (consultation) were “non-specific abdominal pain” (n = 26), “diarrhoea” (n = 9), “vomiting” (n = 2) and “mesenteric adenitis” (n = 1). Statistically significant differences were seen in a number of criteria: period of evolution of symptoms upon the first Outpatient Emergency Ward consultation (A, 26.84 ± 32.11 hours; B, 11.31 ± 7.28 hours), mean age (A, 114.07 ± 35.63 months; B, 98.24 ± 40.5 months), presence of diarrhoea (A, n = 15, 7%; B, n = 8, 23.6%), presence of right iliac fossa pain (A, n = 144, 67%; B, n = 12, 31%), and suggestive physical examination (A, n = 138, 64%; B, n = 5, 13%). There were also significant differences in the number of radiologic examinations performed: a plain film of the abdomen was carried out in 200 children in group A (93%) versus 14 in group B (37%), and abdominal ultrasound scans were carried out in 89 children in group A (42%) versus 7 in group B (21%). Among the laboratory tests, a significant difference was observed in the C-reactive protein level: 5.01 ± 7.2 mg/dl in group A, versus 2.2 ± 2.3 mg/dl in group B. There were 70 cases of perforated appendicitis (33%) in group A versus 25 (66%) in group B. The mean duration of hospital admission was 5.75 ± 3.9 days for group A and 7.84 ± 5.5 days for group B (also a statistically significant difference). There were no inter- group differences in presence of vomiting, fever or leukocytosis. Conclusions: The delay in diagnosis of acute appendicitis is associated to an increase in the number of perforated appendicitides, with the subsequent increase in morbi-mortality and in the duration of hospital admission. Diagnostic errors on the first consultation at the Outpatient Emergency Ward were mainly due to the shorter period of symptom evolution. The presence of nonspecific symptoms such as diarrhoea and the shorter age of the patients also have an influence. The diagnostic tests are of little value in cases with a short evolution (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Child , Female , Child, Preschool , Humans , Appendicitis/complications , Appendicitis/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/complications , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Lymphadenitis/complications , Diagnostic Errors/methods , Retrospective Studies , Diagnostic Errors/classification , Diagnostic Errors/trends , Diagnostic Errors , Abdomen/pathology , Abdomen/surgery , Abdomen , Vomiting/complications , Vomiting/diagnosis
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 64(1): 46-51, 2006 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16539916

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Bronchodilators administrated through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer are as effective as nebulizers in the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations in childhood. However, consensus is lacking on the most suitable dosage. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of distinct salbutamol and terbutaline doses delivered via an MDI with spacer for the treatment of acute asthma in the pediatric emergency department. METHODS: This was a prospective, double-blind randomized study. All consecutive children (n = 324) between 2 and 14 years of age with acute asthma exacerbations treated in the pediatric emergency department between October 1 and November 30, 2004, were included. Two treatment groups were established: one group received a number of puffs equivalent to half the child's weight (1 puff of salbutamol = 100 microg and 1 puff of terbutaline = 250 microg) and the other group received a number of puffs equivalent to one-third of the child's weight. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-four episodes were studied; there were 164 children in the first group and 160 in the second. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mean (6 SD) age (58.34 +/- 34.72 vs 66.04 +/- 36.45 months), arterial oxygen saturation (95.49 +/- 1.93 vs 95.56 +/- 1.97) or pulmonary score (4.04 +/- 1.55 vs 3.97 +/- 1.51) at recruitment and after treatment in the emergency department (arterial oxygen saturation [96.34 +/- 1.60 vs 96.18 +/- 1.77], pulmonary score [1.87 +/- 1.33 vs 1.64 +/- 1.31]). The number of doses administered (2.17 +/- 0.91 vs 2.24 +/- 1.00) and the hospitalization rate (8.56 % vs 6.87 %) were also similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The distinct bronchodilator doses administered via an MDI with spacer showed similar effectiveness. These findings should contribute to a reevaluation of the use of high doses of bronchodilators, at least in most acute asthma exacerbations in children.


Subject(s)
Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Inhalation Spacers , Metered Dose Inhalers , Adolescent , Albuterol/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Double-Blind Method , Emergency Service, Hospital , Humans , Pediatrics , Prospective Studies , Terbutaline/administration & dosage
5.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 64(1): 46-51, ene. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044491

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los broncodilatadores administrados mediante aerosol dosificador presurizado (MDI) con cámara espaciadora son tan eficaces como la nebulización en el tratamiento de las crisis asmáticas en la infancia. No existe consenso sobre cuál es la equivalencia de dosis entre ambos sistemas de inhalación. Objetivo. Determinar la eficacia de diferentes dosis de salbutamol o terbutalina administrados mediante dispositivo MDI con cámara espaciadora, en el tratamiento de la crisis asmática en urgencias. Métodos. Estudio prospectivo, aleatorio y ciego. Fueron incluidos de forma consecutiva, todos los niños entre 2 y 14 años que consultaron por una crisis asmática en el servicio de urgencias entre el 1 de octubre y el 30 de noviembre de 2004. Se establecieron dos grupos de tratamiento: un grupo recibió un número de puffs equivalente a la mitad del peso del niño (1 puff de salbutamol = 100 μg y 1 puff de terbutalina = 250 μg) y el segundo grupo recibió un número de puffs equivalente a un tercio del peso. Resultados. Fueron estudiados 324 episodios; 164 niños en el primer grupo y 160 en el segundo grupo. La edad media de ambos grupos fue similar (58,34 ± 34,72 meses frente a 66,04 ± 36,45 meses), y no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la saturación de oxígeno (95,49 ± 1,93 frente a 95,56 ± 1,97), ni en la puntuación del pulmonary score (PS) (4,04 ± 1,55 frente a 3,97 ± 1,51) en el momento de la llegada a urgencias, ni tras el tratamiento administrado, saturación de oxígeno (96,34 ± 1,60 frente a 96,18 ± 1,77) y puntuación del PS (1,87 ± 1,33 frente a 1,64 ± 1,31). El número de dosis de broncodilatador administradas fue similar en ambos grupos (2,17 ± 0,91 frente a 2,24 ± 1,00). No se observaron diferencias en el porcentaje de niños que precisaron ingreso en la unidad de observación (8,56 % frente a 6,87 %). Conclusiones. Las diferentes dosificaciones de broncodilatadores administradas a través de MDI con espaciador, utilizadas en este estudio, tuvieron una eficacia similar. Estos hallazgos deberían contribuir a reconsiderar el uso de dosis elevadas de broncodilatadores, al menos en la mayoría de las crisis asmáticas en niños


Introduction. Bronchodilators administrated through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer are as effective as nebulizers in the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations in childhood. However, consensus is lacking on the most suitable dosage. Objective. To assess the effectiveness of distinct salbutamol and terbutaline doses delivered via an MDI with spacer for the treatment of acute asthma in the pediatric emergency department. Methods. This was a prospective, double-blind randomized study. All consecutive children (n = 324) between 2 and 14 years of age with acute asthma exacerbations treated in the pediatric emergency department between October 1 and November 30, 2004, were included. Two treatment groups were established: one group received a number of puffs equivalent to half the child's weight (1 puff of salbutamol = 100 μg and 1 puff of terbutaline = 250 μg) and the other group received a number of puffs equivalent to one-third of the child's weight. Results. Three hundred twenty-four episodes were studied; there were 164 children in the first group and 160 in the second. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mean (6 SD) age (58.34 ± 34.72 vs 66.04 ± 36.45 months), arterial oxygen saturation (95.49 ± 1.93 vs 95.56 ± 1.97) or pulmonary score (4.04 ± 1.55 vs 3.97 ± 1.51) at recruitment and after treatment in the emergency department (arterial oxygen saturation [96.34 ± 1.60 vs 96.18 ± 1.77], pulmonary score [1.87 ± 1.33 vs 1.64 ± 1.31]). The number of doses administered (2.17 ± 0.91 vs 2.24 ± 1.00) and the hospitalization rate (8.56 % vs 6.87 %) were also similar in both groups. Conclusions. The distinct bronchodilator doses administered via an MDI with spacer showed similar effectiveness. These findings should contribute to a reevaluation of the use of high doses of bronchodilators, at least in most acute asthma exacerbations in children


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Humans , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Inhalation Spacers , Metered Dose Inhalers , Albuterol/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Emergency Service, Hospital , Pediatrics , Prospective Studies , Terbutaline/administration & dosage
6.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 61(2): 156-161, ago. 2004.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-35174

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estudiar la demanda y la asistencia en una Unidad de Urgencias de Pediatría hospitalaria. Pacientes y método: Se analiza la evolución del número de episodios registrados en Urgencias de Pediatría entre 1995 y 2002 y se realiza un estudio retrospectivo aleatorio de 540 episodios correspondientes a niños menores de 14 años entre el 1 de octubre de 2001 y el 30 de septiembre de 2002. Se recogen datos sociodemográficos y del episodio, hallazgos exploratorios, pruebas complementarias, tratamiento administrado, destino de los pacientes y reconsulta. Resultados: Entre el 1 de enero de 1995 y el 31 de diciembre de 2002, se registraron 337.842 episodios en la Unidad de Urgencias, precisando ingreso en planta o Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) 11.767 (3,48 por ciento). El número de episodios/año registrados pasó de 38.659 en 1995 a 51.933 en 2002 (Delta= 34,3 por ciento). La edad media de la muestra estudiada (n= 540) fue 3,5+/- 3,2 años (54,6 por ciento menores de 3 años), que se distribuyeron en 306 (56 por ciento) varones. Cerca de un tercio consultó por cuadros de menos de 6 h de evolución. Los motivos de consulta más frecuentes fueron fiebre en 160 (29,6 por ciento), dificultad respiratoria en 78 (14,4 por ciento) y vómitos-diarrea en 65 (12 por ciento). Se practicaron pruebas a 176 (32,6 por ciento), fundamentalmente radiológicas (115; 21,2 por ciento). Recibieron tratamiento en urgencias 153 casos (28,3 por ciento), sobre todo antitérmicos y broncodilatadores. El 65 por ciento permaneció menos de 1 h en Urgencias. Los diagnósticos principales fueron síndrome febril en 66 (12,2 por ciento), diarrea/gastroenteritis aguda en 40 (7,4 por ciento), asma en 35 (6,5 por ciento), laringitis en 27 (5 por ciento). Ingresaron en planta 16 niños (3 por ciento) y 3 (0,6 por ciento) en la UCIP. Se recomendó tratamiento farmacológico domiciliario a 359 (71,8 por ciento). Reconsultaron 59 pacientes (10,9 por ciento), e ingresaron 5 casos. Conclusiones: El número de pacientes atendidos entre 1995 y 2002 en la Unidad de Urgencias de Pediatría ha crecido de manera paulatina por lo general por niños pequeños con cuadros febriles recortados o dificultad respiratoria. En la mitad de los casos una correcta anamnesis y exploración física fueron suficientes para manejar a estos niños. La corta evolución de muchos procesos hacen de la observación continuada, ya domiciliaria o intrahospitalaria, una herramienta importante en el correcto seguimiento de nuestros pacientes (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Infant , Hospitalization , Emergency Service, Hospital , Hospitals, Pediatric , Spain
7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 61(2): 156-61, 2004 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15274881

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe patient demand and management in a hospital pediatric emergency setting. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We analyzed the number of episodes registered in our pediatric emergency unit between 1995 and 2002 and performed a retrospective, random survey of 540 episodes in children aged less than 14 years admitted between 2001-10-1 and 2002-09-30. Epidemiological details, physical findings, complementary tests, the treatment administered, admissions, and unscheduled return visits were analyzed. RESULTS: Between 1995-1-01 and 2002-31-12, a total of 337,842 episodes were registered in our emergency unit, requiring 11,767 (3.48 %) admissions to a ward or the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The number of episodes/ year increased from 38,659 in 1995 to 51,933 in 2002 (Delta = 34.3 %). The mean age of the sample (n = 540) was 3.5 6 3.2 years (54.6 % were younger than 3 years) and 306 (56 %) were boys. Nearly one-third of the children presented with processes of recent onset (less than 6 hours). The most frequent chief complaints were fever in 160 children (29.6 %), respiratory distress in 78 (14.4 %) and vomiting-diarrhea in 65 (12 %). Complementary investigations were performed in 176 patients (32.6 %), mainly radiologic tests (115; 21.2 %). One hundred fifty-three (28.3 %) received treatment in our emergency unit, mainly antipyretics and bronchodilators. Sixty-five percent stayed less than 1 hour in the emergency unit. The most frequent diagnoses were fever without source in 66 patients (12.2 %), diarrhea/acute gastroenteritis in 40 (7.4 %), asthma in 35 (6.5 %), and croup in 27 (5 %). Sixteen children (3 %) were admitted to a ward and three (0.6 %) were admitted to the PICU. Home drug treatment was recommended in 359 patients (71.8 %). Unscheduled return visits were registered in 59 patients (10.9 %), and five were admitted. CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients attended in our pediatric emergency unit gradually increased between 1995 and 2002, mostly due to young children with fever or respiratory distress. In nearly half of the patients, a thorough anamnesis and physical examination were sufficient for evaluation. Because many of the processes were of recent onset, continuous observation, whether at home or in hospital, was useful to adequately monitor these children.


Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Spain/epidemiology
8.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 53(6): 561-566, dic. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2577

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar la tinción de Gram y la tira reactiva en orina, como métodos para el diagnóstico de la infección del tracto urinario (ITU), en el lactante con fiebre. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo de 175lactantes con fiebre, con edades comprendidas entre 1y 24meses, en los que se analizó la orina para descartar la presencia de ITU. Además del análisis de orina mediante tira reactiva para detectar la presencia de leucocitos y nitritos, se envió una muestra para tinción de Gram y urocultivo. La orina se recogió mediante sondaje uretral. Se consideró urocultivo positivo al crecimiento de más de 50.000col./ml del mismo germen. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 9,8meses. El urocultivo resultó positivo en 87pacientes (49,5 por ciento). El diagnóstico de ITU se estableció en 91pacientes (51,9 por ciento) siendo hospitalizados 74de ellos con sospecha clínica de pielonefritis (81,3 por ciento). La prueba más sensible fue la leucocituria (90,8 por ciento) y la más específica la tinción de Gram (98,9 por ciento). Destacó como prueba de mayor rendimiento global la suma de aplicar como método diagnóstico la leucocituria más la tinción de Gram: sensibilidad, 93,1 por ciento; especificidad, 98,4 por ciento; valor predictivo positivo (VPP), 98,5 por ciento, y valor predictivo negativo (VPN), 92,5 por ciento. CONCLUSIÓN: La tinción de Gram en orina es un método diagnóstico de mayor rendimiento que la tira reactiva para detectar ITU en el lactante febril pero debe interpretarse conjuntamente con los resultados de esta última (AU)


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Male , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Female , Humans , Staining and Labeling , Phenazines , Reagent Strips , Gentian Violet , Skin , Urinary Tract Infections , Reproducibility of Results , Prospective Studies , Bilirubin , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fever , Predictive Value of Tests , Hematologic Tests
9.
An Esp Pediatr ; 52(4): 346-50, 2000 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11003925

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of children younger than 14 years visiting our pediatric emergency department between 0:00 and 8:00 hours. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 300 children visiting our emergency department at night. RESULTS: Between March 1 and 22 1999 we recorded 300 episodes from 0:00-8:00 hours (1.7 patients/hour) and 2350 episodes from 8:00-24:00 hours (6. 6 patients/hour). Of the 300 episodes registered at night, 132 children (44%) came between 0:00 and 2:00. The most common complaints were: respiratory symptoms in 116 patients (38.6%), fever in 61 (20.3%) and digestive symptoms in 61 (20.3%). We carried out at least one complementary test in 111 patients (37.0%). Five children (1.7%) were admitted to the hospital (80 between 8:00 and 24:00, 3.4%, p = 0.15) and 25 (8.3%) were admitted for a few hours to the observation ward (123 of the 2350 who came between 8:00 and 24:00, 5.2%, p = 0.06). Final diagnoses were: ear nose and throat infection in 91 (30.3%), fever without source in 38 (12.6%), asthma in 29 (9.6%), acute gastroenteritis in 27 (9%), croup in 22 (7.3%), vomiting in 14 (4.6%), abdominal pain in 13 (4.3%), febrile convulsion in 6 (2%), pneumonia in 5 (1.6%), bronchiolitis in 5 (1. 6%), bacteremia in 1 (0.3%), and other diagnoses in 46 (16.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The number of visits to our emergency department diminished at night, particularly between 0:00 and 2:00. The night-time admission rate was less than the daytime rate, although this difference was not statistically significant. Admission for a few hours to the observation ward was more common at night. The percentage of patients with respiratory illnesses was higher during the night.


Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Night Care , Pediatrics , Retrospective Studies , Spain
10.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 52(4): 346-350, abr. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2438

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conocer las características de los pacientes que acuden a urgencias de pediatría de las 0 a las 8 h. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 300 niños atendidos por la noche en urgencias. RESULTADOS: Entre el 1 y el 22 de marzo de 1999 se registraron 300 episodios de 0 a 8 h (1,7 pacientes/h) y 2.350 de las 8 a las 24 h (6,6 pacientes/h).De los 300 episodios nocturnos, 132 correspondían a niños que acudieron de entre las 0.00 a las 2.00 h (44 por ciento). Los motivos de consulta más frecuentes fueron: síntomas respiratorios, 116 (38,6 por ciento); digestivos, 61 (20,3 por ciento), y fiebre 61 (20,3 por ciento), practicándose alguna exploración complementaria a 111 pacientes (37,0 por ciento). Ingresaron 5 niños (1,7 por ciento) de los que se presentaron entre las 0 y las 8 h, y 80 (3,4 por ciento) de los que acudieron entre las 8 y las 24 h, (p = 0,15), mientras 25 (8,3 por ciento) permanecieron unas horas en la unidad de observación (123 de 8 a 24 h, 5,2 por ciento; p = 0,04). Los diagnósticos fueron: infección otorrinolaringológica 91 (30,3 por ciento); fiebre sin foco, 38 (12,6 por ciento); asma, 29 (9,6 por ciento); gastroenteritis aguda, 27 (9 por ciento); laringitis, 22 (7,3 por ciento); vómitos 14 (4,6 por ciento); dolor abdominal, 13 (4,3 por ciento); convulsión febril, 6 (2 por ciento); neumonía, 5 (1,6 por ciento); bronquiolitis 5 (1,6 por ciento); bacteriemia, 1 (0,3 por ciento), y otros, 49 (16,3 por ciento). CONCLUSIÓN: La presión asistencial en urgencias de pediatría disminuye por la noche, especialmente de 2 a 8 h. La tasa de ingresos nocturna es menor a la diurna, sin que la diferencia sea estadísticamente significativa, existiendo una mayor tendencia a dejar más pacientes en la unidad de evolución. El porcentaje de pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria se incrementa por la noche (AU)


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Child , Child, Preschool , Adult , Male , Infant , Female , Humans , Spain , Pediatrics , Night Care , Retrospective Studies , Abnormalities, Multiple , Emergency Service, Hospital , Heart Defects, Congenital , Head
11.
An Esp Pediatr ; 53(6): 561-6, 2000 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11148154

ABSTRACT

AIM: To compare urinary gram staining and dipstick for the detection of urinary tract infection (UTI)in febrile infants. METHODS: Prospective study of 175 febrile infants aged 124 months. In all infants, a urine specimen was analyzed to detect UTI. The dipstick test was used to detect leukocytes and nitrites and samples were taken for gram staining and urine culture. Urine was obtained by urethral catheterization. Positive urine results were defined as 50.000 colony forming units per millimeter of urinary tract pathogen. RESULTS: The mean age was 9.8 months (SD: 6.64). Urine culture was positive in 87 patients (49.5%). Diagnosis of UTI was confirmed in 91 patients (51.9%), of whom 74 were admitted for clinically suspected pyelonephritis (81.3%). Gram stain had the highest specificity (98.9%) and pyuria the highest sensitivity (90.8%). Better results were obtained using the combination of dipstick and Gram stain with a sensitivity of 93.1%, specificity of 98.4%, positive predictive value of 98.5% and negative predictive value of 92.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary Gram stain appears to be more reliable than dipstick in detecting UTI in febrile infants but the results of both tests should be interpreted together.


Subject(s)
Gentian Violet , Phenazines , Reagent Strips , Staining and Labeling , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Female , Fever/etiology , Humans , Infant , Male , Prospective Studies , Urinary Tract Infections/urine
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