Effect of lung resection and sham surgery on the frequency of infection in alloxan-diabetic rats

The present study was carried out in order to determine the effect of lung resection on the frequency of infections in alloxan-diabetic rats. Adult female Wistar rats were injected with alloxan (40 mg/kg, iv) to induce diabetes mellitus (group D; N = 45) or with vehicle (1.0 ml/kg, iv) to be used as controls (group C; N = 45). Thirty-six days after receiving alloxan both groups were randomly divided into three subgroups: no operation (NO; N = 15), sham operation (SO; N = 15), and left pneumonectomy (PE; N = 15). The rats were sacrificed 36 days after surgery and their lungs were examined microscopically and macroscopically. The occurrence of thoracic wall infection, thoracic wall abscess, lung abscess and pleural empyema was similar in groups D and C. In contrast, the overall infection rate was higher (P<0.05) in the diabetic rats (SO-D and PE-D subgroups, but not in the NO-D subgroup). Considering that the overall infection rate was similar in the SO-D and PE-D subgroups, we suggest that surgery but not pneumonectomy was related to the higher prevalence of infection in diabetic rats

Adaptaçöes fisiológicas precoces e tardias após valvotomia mitral por cateter baläo / Early and late physiological effects of balloon mitral valvuloplasty

OBJETIVO - avaliaçäo näo invasiva das respostas cardiopulmonares ao exercício a curto e longo prazo após valvotomia por cateter baläo. MÉTODOS - Estudaram-se 9 pacientes do sexo feminino, 35ñ9 anos, com estenose mitral, tipo funcional II ou III, em uso de digitálicos e diuréticos, através de teste ergoespirométrico, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma, antes e após valvotomia em fase precoce (3 a 5 dias) e tardia (8 a 12 meses). RESULTADOS - Os pacientes evoluíram para tipo funcional II (44 por cento) ou I (56 por cento), na fase tardia. Houve reduçÝo da freqüência cardíaca de repouso (87ñ11bpm vs 85ñ7bpm vs 75ñ9bpm) e elevaçäo do número de estágios (4ñ1 estágios vs 5ñ2 estágios vs 6ñ1 estágios); a capacidade aeróbica máxima aumentou apenas na fase tardia (16ñ3mL/kg/min vs 18ñ4mL/kg/min vs 22ñ7mL/kg/min). O limiar anaeróbico, a ventilaçäo pulmonar e o equivalente ventilatório do O2 (Oxigênio 2) permaneceram inalterados. Nas cargas submáximas de exercício ocorreu reduçäo da freqüência cardíaca (estágio I: 124ñ18bpm vs 112ñ13bpm vs 87ñ15bpm), consumo de O2 (Oxigênio 2) (estágio I: 10ñ2mL/kg/min vs 8ñ2mL/kg/min vs 8ñmL/kg/min) e ventilaçäo pulmonar, nas fases precoce e tardia. A área valvar mitral mostrou reduçöes na fase tardia (0,94cm² vs 1,66cm² vs 1,20cm²). CONCLUSÄO - Apesar da tendência à reestenose parcial, houve melhora no tipo funcional e no desempenho cardiopulmonar com diminuiçäo da sobrecarga circulatória no exercício submáximo.

Effect of electroacupuncture on physical performance of young men and responses to exercise

Chinese Medicine uses acupuncture points K-3 (Taixi), Li-3 (taichong), S-36 (Zusanli), Ren-4 (Guanyuan)and Ren-6 (Qihai) to enhance the individual's general energy, improving capacity to physical efforts, and the body threshold to fadigue. We studied the influence of these specific points on physical performance capacity (PPC) and physiological responses to excercise (PRE). Material - We assigned 27 healthy men at random to three groups: acupuncture (A), acupuncture sham (S) and control group (no acupuncture (N). Methods - Performance was determined through of a spiroergometric test was carried out at the beginning and at the end of five sucessive daily sessions, consisting of 20 minutes of electroacupuncture (EA) of the selected points. They performed a continuous incremental (25 watts/min) test until exhaunstion in bicycle ergometer (Cibex the Bike). Respiratory and metabolic variables were calculated every 20s during excercise by a computerized spiroergometric system (Vista CX). The heart was obtained by telemetry (Polar), The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured by the Borg's revised scale. Results - The results before and after treatment were compared in these conditions: rest (R); moderate exercise (M); at the anaerobic threshold (AT); intense exercise (I); maximal exercise (MX) and recovery (RC). The subjects from group A didn't increase the maximal performance capacity neither the PPC at AT. Respiratory, cardiovascular responses and movement economy in M, AT, I and MX didn't improve in these group. We detected a positive effect of EA only in RPE during M. There was no differences between tests in groups S an N. Conclusion - These results suggest that the EA in studied conditions isn't effective to increase PPC or improve PRE.

Estudo comparativo das dosagens de sódio, potássio, uréia, creatinina e ácido úrico no líquido amniótico entre 15-20 semanas e 38-42 semanas / A comparative study of human amniotic fluid concentration of sodium, potassium, urea, creatinini, and uric acid between 15-20 week and 38-42 week

O volume e a concentraçao do líquido amniótico dependem da integraçao entre o organismo materno e fetal e se modificam ao longo da gravidez. OBJETIVO. Analisar a concentraçao de sódio, potásio, uréia, cratinina e ácido úrico no líquido amnioótico no segundo e terceiro trimestre de gravidezes normais e verificar a influência da idade materna, raça, paridade e sexo dos conceptos nestes elementos. MÉTODOS. Cincoenta gestantes no segundo trimestre e 50 gestantes no termo da gravidez tiveram seus líquidos amnióticos submetidos a dosagem dos elementos acima descritos. O material foi obtido por amniocentese de indicaçao genética, no primeiro grupo, e em cesáreas eletivas, no segundo grupo. Foram utilizados os seguintes testes estatísticos: análise de variância a um critério; teste t de Student; teste do qui-quadrado; teste de Mann-Whitney na dependência da natureza das variáveis (a ( 0,05). RESULTADOS. Foi verificado que no terceiro trimestre ocorre diminuiçao significante na concentraçao de sódio, aumento significante na uréia, creatinina e ácido úrico, ao passo que o potássio nao apresenta alteraçoes. Por outro lado, nao houve interferência da idade materna, paridade, raça e sexo dos conceptos. Conclusao. Aanálise destes parâmetros no líquido amniótico pode servir como base para a avaliaçao do bem-estar fetal, principalmente em relaçao à funçao renal e na detecçao de algumas síndromes genéticas.

Effects of almitrine on the ventilatory control, breathing pattern and maximal exercise tolerance in hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Almitrine bismesylate improves arterial blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but side effects such as increase of ventilatory drive and dyspnea have been reported in some studies. We studied 18 COPD patients (mean age=59.1 years; mean FEV1=0.921; mean PaO2=58.6mmHg) in a double-blind randomized study using placebo or almitrine 50 mh twice a day by mouth, for 60 days. In contrast to the placebo group, 40 per cent of the patients in the almitrine group presented a significant increase in PaO2 and a decrease in P(A-a))2>=5mmHg during submaximal exercise after 60 days of treatment. Ventilatory drive and the breathing pattern were measured at rest and during submaximal exercise. Both goups showed high levels of ventilatory drive and atachypneic breathing pattern before drug tratment and no modification was found 30 and 60 days after treatment. Metabolis, cardiovascular and ventilatory variables were studied during an incremental to maximum exercise symptom-limited test (cycloergometry). Maximal VO2 ranged from 46 to 52 per cent and heart rate from 76 to 78 per cent in relation to the predicted values. The percent ratio of ventilation at maximal exercise to maximal voluntary ventilation at rest ranged from 86 to 94 per cent. These results show that the reduction of ventilatory capacity was the main factor decreasing the aerobic performance of our COPD patients. Maximal exercise tolerance (VO2 max) did not change after almitrine treatment. Negative factors like an increase in neuromuscular drive did not occur, and positive factors like an increase in PaO2 and oxygen transport had no critical influence on exercise performance in our ventilatory-limited COPD patients.

Infecçäo por Chlamydia trachomatis e fatores de risco em gestantes / Chlamydia trachomatis infection and risk factors in pregnant women

Introduçäo. Realizado estudo com a finalidade de avaliar a freqüência da infecçäo por C. trachomatis em gestantes de Säo Paulo. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS. Um grupo de 122 gestantes (80 adultas e 42 adolescentes) foram submetidas a exame obstétrico completo e pesquisa de C. trachomatis na cérvice, pela técnica de ELISA (Chlamydiazyme). RESULTADOS. Foram positivos 11 mulheres (9 por cento), sendo oito (10 por cento) adultas e três (7 por cento) adolescentes. CONCLUSÄO. Nesta populaçäo estudade em Säo Paulo a idade das pacientes, bem como eatado civil, número de parceiros sexuais, existência de outra doença sexualmente transmissível, presença de cervicite ou a ocorrência de abortos näo foram fatores de risco para a presença de C. trachomatis

Ultra-sonografia seriada do endométrio e da endocérvice durante o ciclo menstrual normal da mulher / Serial ultrasonography of the endometrium and endocervix during the normal menstrual cycle of women

Os relatos ultra-sonográficos do endométrio humano säo, em sua maior parte, obtidos de pacientes com esterilidade conjugal, nulíparas, fazendo uso de drogas indutoras da ovulaçäo. Essas pesquisas, geralmente, näo se acompanham do estudo histológico da cavidade uterina e preocupam-se, sobretudo, com o período ovulatório. Há, contudo, controvérsias na interpretaçäo das imagens. OBJETIVO. Estudas a ultra-sonografia do endométrio, no decorrer do ciclo menstrual normal. MÉTODOS. Os autores selecionaram 15 mulheres, eumenorréicas, multíparas, que näo faziam uso de drogas indutoras da ovulaçäo, DIU ou contra-conceptivos hormonais. todas foram examinadas no primeiro, no sétimo, no décimo-quarto eno vigésimo-primeiro dia do ciclo menstrual. Confrontaram-se os achados ecográficos com os resultados histológicos. RESULTADOS. Avaliaram a imagem ultra-sonográfica do endométrio em 66.66 por cento das mulheres no primeiro dia do ciclo. Em todas elas, no sétimo, décimo-quarto e vigésimo-primeiro dia essa imagem também pôde ser identificada e apreciada. Verificaram, durante o ciclo, aumento progressivo da espessura da imagem endometrial, de forma linear. O halo hipoecóico teveincidência progressiva, atingindo 93,33 por cento no vigésimo-primeiro dia do ciclo. CONCLUSÄO. As alteraçöes cíclicas do endométrio foram demonstradas pela ultra-sonografia. As modificaçöes endocervicais também foram detectadas. Todavia, säo menos exuberantes do que as observadas no endométrio

Radioaerosol 99mTc-DTPA characterization produced by some nebulizers

1. The radioaerosol 99mTc-DTPA produced by jet and ultrasonic nebulizers was characterized by measuring the median mass diameter (MMD) and geometric standard deviation (sigma g) and these characteristics were interpreted in terms of the aerodynamic principles of inertial impactation. 2. Jet nebulizers of the same model, with different outflows (NSA = 0.14 ml/min; NSB = 0.24 ml/min and NSC = 0.40 ml/min) showed different radioaerosol mass distribution, with MMD (NSC) > MMD (NSA). The ultrasonic nebulizer US-1000 from Narcosul, which is operated with an air flow of 2 l/min and frequency of 1.6 MHz, generated radioaerosol with MMD = 2.40 microns, higher than that obtained with most of the jet nebulizers evaluated (NSA = 1.50 microns; NSB1V = 1.40 microns; NSB2V = 1.20 microns and PITT#1 - 0.80 microns), and the ultrasonic nebulizer presented the highest outflow of the nebulized solution (1.15 ml/min). 3. Connecting one or two impactation reservoirs to the NSB jet nebulizer modified the mass distribution, which became significantly narrower for NSB2V when compared to the other two nebulizers. NSB2V presented a mass percentage with a diameter of 3 microns or less and a sufficient outflow for use in ventilation and pulmonary permeability studies. 4. Comparison of the mass collected in the cascade impactor and the total mass generated by the NSB, NSB1V and NSB2V nebulizers showed, on average, 4.5 efficiency in radioaerosol generation with a diameter of less than 16 microns and 3.2 efficiency for a diameter of 3 microns or less.

Acute effects on bone marrow after association between Radiosensitizer and X rays-NN/N method

A histopathological and morphometric study was performed in the bone marrow of mice after association of cisdiamminedi-choroplatinum II (3.0 mg/kg) plus X-rays (103.20 mC/Kg 400R). Rstimation of bone marrow effects was assessed by counting the number of non nucleated-erythrocytes (NN) and nucleated (N) cells, and establishing (NN/N) ratio. The morphomeric method used correlates and makes possible quantification of histopathologic changes of bone marrow through relation of vascular stroma and cellular parenchyma. It can be used as a biological dosimetry parameter and to estimate injury and recovery of hematologic evolution of different myelotoxic agents

Potencial evocado por estimulaçäo do nervo mediano: comparaçäo do tempo de conduçäo central definido por diferentes pontos de medida / Evoked potentials by median nerve stimulation: comparation of central conduction time defined by different measure points

Neste estudo é feita comparaçäo entre a latência interpicos N13-N20 e entre inícios N11-N20. É evidenciada diferença significante entre essas medidas. Os achados sugerem ainda que as montagens usualmente utilizadas para a medida interpicos podem ser utilizadas para determinaçäo das latências de inícios das ondas, bem como para determinaçäo do ponto de fracionamento da medida entre inícios. É salientado o diferente signficado fisiológico das duas medidas

Observaçöes relacionadas à utilizaçäo de montagens entre a face posterior do pescoço e o couro cabeludo no potencial evocado por estimulaçäo do nervo mediano / Related observations for the use of mounting between neck posterior and scalp in evoked potentials by median nerve stimulation

Foram realizados potenciais evocados por estimulaçäo do nervo mediano no punho, em grupo de voluntários normais. Foram avaliados os componentes que ocorreram entre 12 e 22 ms. Os registros foram feitos com referências cefálicas e näo cefálicas. Foi evidenciada maior contribuiçäo do complexo P13-14 na amplitude do componente N13 registrado entre C6 e Fz. Näo foram detectadas diferenças significativas na amplitude e latência dos componentes N18 e P22 quando avaliados nas montagens FZ-näo cefálico e C6-FZ. Säo discutidas as implicaçöes desses achados para a interpretaçäo clínica dessas respostas

Blood glucose and insulin response to intravenous glucose by patients with chronic Chagas' disease and alcoholism

Blood glucose and insulin responses to intravenous glucose 500 mg/kg in a group of alcoholic chagasic patients (Group I, N = 15) were assessed and compared to those of a group of patients with Chagas' disease without alcoholism (Group II, N = 16), a group of alcoholics without Chagas' disease (Group III, N = 22), and a group of non-alcoholics without Chagas' disease (Group IV, N = 15). Determinations of serum glucose and insulin were done under fasting conditions, 5 and 10 min after the injection of 50 per cent glucose. There was no difference in mean serum glucose levels between groups. Mean serum insulin levels at times 5 and 10 min and for the total integrated response were lower (P < 0.05) in Groups I and II as compared to Group IV; at time 10 min the mean was lower (P < 0.05) in Group III as compared to Group IV. There was a nonsignificant trend for a lower insulinemic response in Group I as compared to Group II. These data suggest denervation of or injury to pancreatic B cell by Chagas' disease

Patologia associada ao leiomioma uterino: revisäo de 600 casos / Pathology associated with uterine leiomyoma: review of 600 cases

Foram analisadas 600 pacientes com leiomioma uterino (LU), atendidas na Escola Paulista de Medicina, que se submeteram a terapêutica cirúrgica entre 1976 e 1987. O exame histopatológico das peças cirúrgicas confirmou a presença de neoplasia benigna e, na maioria das vezes, surpeendeu outras patologias associadas. Estudaram-se também, como grupo controle, 150 úteros (de histerectomias), procurando-se conhecer a freqüência dessas entidades patológicas associadas em näo portadoras de LU. As principais associaçöes encontradas foram: cervicite crônica, adenomiose, cistos foliculars, alteraçöes tubárias - congestäo, edema e processo inflamatório -, pólipos uterinos, hiperplasia endometrial, endometriose, neoplasias do ovário e do endométrio. A coexistência dessas condiçöes patológicas ocorreu em 71,17% dos casos. O leiomioma é a neoplasia mais freqüente do útero e da pelve (18,19). A coexistência do tumor com outras entidades patológicas é pouco citada na literatura, assim como suas possíveis inter-relaçöes. Por causa da alta freqüência do leiomioma na populaçäo, poder-se ia associa-lo, apenas de forma fortuita, a outras entidades nosológicas do trato genital. Interessados em saber se haveria patologias secundárias ao leiomioma ou coexistência meramente casual, e também se as associaçöes teriam o mesmo denominador comum, fizemos o presente estudo

Incidence and etiology of postcesarean section morbity

In view of the different concepts found in the literature regarding puerperal febrile morbidity we performed a prospective study in order to observe the incidence of postcesarean section febrile morbidity in the Hospital Säo Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, as well as to identify the puerperal febrile pathologies involved. Postcesarean section febrile morbidity was observed in 13.07 per cent on the puerperae. Infection of the surgical wound, present in 67.1 per cent of the febrile cases, was the most frequent pathology. Puerperal infection was the second most common cause (24.3 per cent)

Evaluation of the effect of ionizing radiation of mouse hemocytopoietic tissue by reticulocyte count

The effects of exposure to a single, whole body X-ray dose of 154.8 mC/Kg (600 R) on mouse (Mus musculus) hemocytopoietic tissue were analyzed by means of reticulocyte counts in peripheral blood, evaluating indirectly variations of the erythrocyte sector of bone marrow. The efficiency of the method for the evaluation of this tissue was demonstrated, constituting one more radiobiologic parameter to corroborate those existing already

Incidence of postcesarian febrile morbidity as related to prenatal care and nutritional state before pregnancy

Two hundred and eight-three patients were studied regarding prenatal care and nutritional state as related to incidence of postcesarean febrile morbidity. Regarding place of prenatal care, the results showed a statistically higler incidence in patients not attended at the Service of the Hospital Säo Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina. No difference of postecesarean febrile morbidity could be observed between patients attended at the Hospital Säo Paulo and those attende elsewhere regarding number of medical examinations during prenatal care. In regard to the nutritional state before pregnancy, obese and undernourished patients presented a statistically higher incidence when compared to eutrophic patients

Histochemical study on the behavior of glycogen and total lipids in pregnant albino rats and their progenies treated with naphazoline

The histochemical study of 25 pregnant rats liver submitted to nasal drop instillation of saline and naphazoline at increasing concentrations, at the 19th day pregnancy, showed glycogen decrease and total lipid increase, only at a concentration of 1:1,000 of naphazoline. In this group occured also an increase of fetal liver lipids.

Schistosomiasis mansoni: high and low IgE responders

Among 13 patients with schistosomiasis mansoni, two groups of patients were found: high IgE responders, characterized by patients with IgE serum levels higher than 1300 U.I./ml, and low IgE responders with serum IgE levels lower than 700 U.I./ml. After chemotherapy the differences in IgE level between the two groups cbecame more evident. The analogy of results with experimental schistosomiasis of mice, was discussed