Short-Term Intake of Theobroma grandiflorum Juice Fermented with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 Amended the Outcome of Endotoxemia Induced by Lipopolysaccharide.

Endotoxemia is a condition caused by increasing levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) characterized by an impaired systemic response that causes multiple organ dysfunction. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 is a strain with probiotic potential which shows immunomodulatory properties. The incorporation of this bacterium in food rich in bioactive compounds, such as cupuaçu juice (Theobroma grandiflorum), could result in a product with interesting health properties. This work evaluated the effects of the oral administration of cupuaçu juice fermented with L. rhamnosus on the outcome of LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice. C57BL/6 mice (12/group) received oral doses (100 µL) of saline solution and unfermented or fermented cupuaçu juice (108 CFU/mL). After 5 days, the endotoxemia was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg). The endotoxemia severity was evaluated daily using a score based on grooming behavior, mobility, presence of piloerection, and weeping eyes. After 6 h and 120 h, the mice (6/group) were euthanized for analysis of cell counts (in peritoneal lavage and serum) and organ weight. L. rhamnosus grew in cupuaçu juice and produced organic acids without the need for supplementation. The bacteria counts were stable in the juice during storage at 4 °C for 28 days. The fermentation with L. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 changed the metabolites profile of cupuaçu juice due to the biotransformation and enhancement of some compounds. In general, the administration of L. rhamnosus-fermented juice allowed a significant improvement in several characteristics of endotoxemic status (weight loss, hypothermia, severity index, cell migration). In addition, treatment with fermented juice significantly reduced the weight of the spleen, liver, intestine, and kidneys compared to the saline-treated endotoxemic group. Taken together, our data show that short-term intake therapy of cupuaçu juice fermented with L. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 can reduce systemic inflammation in an experimental model of LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice.

Improvement of endoglucanase production by Aspergillus brasiliensis in solid-state fermentation using cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) residue as substrate.

AIMS: Optimize the production of Aspergillus brasiliensis endoglucanase in a solid-phase bioprocess using cupuaçu shell as substrate. METHODS AND RESULTS: The shells were supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorous and used as a substrate. The centesimal and inorganic composition of the residue was determined, and found to be rich in fibres, and possessed essential elements for fungal growth. In the initial cultivation of A. brasiliensis, endoglucanase activity of 7.35 U g-1 was obtained. A factorial experimental design was used to determine the most significant variables for the bioprocess. The interactions between moisture, temperature and nitrogen source were noteworthy (p < 0.05). From the rotational central composite design, the optimization of temperature and nitrogen supplementation was obtained, and this reached 40.50 U g-1 , which is an increase of more than five times the value obtained initially. The enzymatic extract was applied as the biocatalyst in the hydrolysis of cupuaçu shells and, after 48 h, it was possible to observe the production of reducing sugars. CONCLUSIONS: Cupuaçu shell can be used as a substrate for endoglucanase production by A. brasiliensis. The process was optimized for the cultivation temperature and the nitrogen source. The enzymatic extract can be applied in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Cupuaçu shells can be used to produce cellulases, a product of high added value that can generate economic and environmental benefits for communities and companies producing derivatives of the cupuaçu fruit.

Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Are Effectively Inhibited by Lactobacilli with Probiotic Properties Isolated from Brazilian Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) Fruit.

In recent years, certain Lactobacillus sp. have emerged in health care as an alternative therapy for various diseases. Based on this, this study is aimed at evaluating in vitro the potential probiotics of five lactobacilli strains isolated from pulp of cupuaçu fruit fermentation against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Our lactobacilli strains were classified as safe for use in humans, and they were tolerant to heat and pH. Our strains were biofilm producers, while hydrophobicity and autoaggregation varied from 13% to 86% and 13% to 25%, respectively. The coaggregation of lactobacilli used in this study with G. vaginalis and N. gonorrhoeae ranged from 15% to 36% and 32% to 52%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was present in all tested Lactobacillus strains against both pathogens, and the growth of pathogens in coculture was reduced by the presence of our lactobacilli. Also, all tested lactobacilli reduced the pH of the culture, even in incubation with pathogens after 24 hours. The cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) of all five lactobacilli demonstrated activity against the two pathogens with a halo presence and CFCS characterization assay together with gas chromatography revealed that lactic acid was the most abundant organic acid in the samples (50% to 62%). Our results demonstrated that the organic acid production profile is strain-specific. This study revealed that cupuaçu is a promising source of microorganisms with probiotic properties against genital pathogens. We demonstrated by in vitro tests that our Lactobacillus strains have probiotic properties. However, the absence of in vivo tests is a limitation of our work due to the need to evaluate the interaction of our lactobacilli with pathogens in the vaginal mucosa. We believe that these findings may be useful in developing a product containing our lactobacilli and their supernatants in order to support with vaginal health.

Monitoring and Optimization of Cupuaçu Seed Fermentation, Drying and Storage Processes.

Cupuaçu [Theobroma grandiflorum (Wild ex Spreng.) K. Schum] seeds have been employed for a long time in the Amazon region for food purposes. Similar to cocoa, processed cupuaçu pulp and seeds can be used to produce juices, ice creams, confectionary products and cupulate®, which is a similar product to chocolate. However, its market penetration requires the mastery of all processing stages to improve the food quality and safety and to make possible an efficient technology transfer to the local small farmers and communities. Based on the above, the current research work aimed at monitoring and optimizing the consecutive fermentation and drying processes of cupuaçu seeds over 7 days each, as well as storage for 90 days. A greenhouse structure incorporating the fermenter and solar drying terrace was designed to be inexpensive, versatile, easily scalable, and easy to maintain and operate by the local small farmers after a short period of training. This research effort also aimed at giving a vision for the future creation of an integrative and sustainable cupuaçu system covering the economic, social, cultural and environmental vectors. The experimental design comprised 5 batches of 100 kg of seeds each. Several microbiological and physicochemical parameters were performed and correlated with processing variables. Microbiological parameters encompassed viable counts of mesophilic microorganisms, coliforms, yeasts, and molds, whereas physicochemical measures included fermentation and drying temperature, pH, acidity, dry matter, ashes, water activity, color, total proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, and energy. The average seed fermentation temperature varied from ca. 28 to 44 °C, reaching the maximum on day 3 and a final value of ca. 31 °C. Regarding solar drying, the average seed temperatures ranged from ca. 24 °C (at the end) to 39 °C on day 3, and an initial value of ca. 29 °C. The average final seed pH value of drying was 5.34 and was kept during storage. During storage, results demonstrated the existence of significant correlations among several experimental parameters under scrutiny. Finally, bean viable counts obtained during storage unfolded acceptable values of total mesophilic bacteria well below the maximum limit. Viable counts of yeast and molds were generally found between 3 and 4 log(CFU/gsample), and total coliforms were also detected, although both were at acceptable levels and well beneath the established maximum limits for food safety.

Ruminal fermentation kinetics of by-products using the semi-automatic technique of in-vitro gas production / Cinética de fermentação ruminal de coprodutos utilizando a técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro

The objective of this study was to develop a specific equation for the conversion of pressure values (psi) to volume (ml) for the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Western Pará. To this end, the ruminal fermentation kinetics of regional feedstuffs were evaluated using the semi-automatic technique of in-vitro gas production. To set up the targeted equation, samples of ground corn, soybean meal, rice bran, Mombasa grass, cupuassu pie, cassava residues, and banana leaves were incubated and the pressure and volumes of the gases produced during the fermentation process were measured at predetermined times and related. These data on the volume of produced gases were used to determine, by applying the bi-compartmental logistic model, the ruminal fermentation kinetics parameters. The equation found for the laboratory was V = 0.3757P2 + 1.5972P + 0.2189. Ground corn and cassava residue showed a higher degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrates (0.120 and 0.163 %/h respectively) and higher final gas volume (228.91 and 273.17 ml/g of DM, respectively). As for the degradation rate of fibrous carbohydrates, ground corn (0.023 %/h), rice bran (0.023 %/h), and cassava residue (0.021 %/h) presented the highest degradation rate. Thus, a specific equation to be used at the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Western Pará was identified, according to the method applied and the altitude of the premises. Ruminal fermentation kinetics of cassava residue and rice bran showed the same parameters as corn, which may suggest the possibility of replacing corn in the diet of ruminant animals.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma equação específica para a conversão de valores de pressão (psi) em volume (ml) para o Laboratório de Bromatologia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará. Para tanto, avaliou-se a cinética fermentativa ruminal de rações regionais por meio da técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro. Para configurar a equação alvo, amostras de milho moído, farelo de soja, farelo de arroz, capim Mombaça, torta de cupuaçu, resíduos de mandioca e folhas de bananeira foram incubadas e a pressão e os volumes dos gases produzidos durante o processo de fermentação foram medidos em tempos predeterminados e relacionado. Esses dados de volume de gases produzidos foram utilizados para determinar, por meio da aplicação do modelo logístico bicompartimental, os parâmetros cinéticos da fermentação ruminal. A equação encontrada para o laboratório foi V = 0,3757P2 + 1,5972P + 0,2189. Milho moído e resíduo de mandioca apresentaram maior taxa de degradação de carboidratos não fibrosos (0,120 e 0,163% / h respectivamente) e maior volume final de gás (228,91 e 273,17 ml / g de MS, respectivamente). Quanto à taxa de degradação dos carboidratos fibrosos, milho moído (0,023% / h), farelo de arroz (0,023% / h) e resíduo de mandioca (0,021% / h) apresentaram as maiores taxas de degradação. Assim, foi identificada uma equação específica para ser utilizada no Laboratório de Bromatologia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, de acordo com o método aplicado e a altitude das instalações.(AU)

Effects of chronic treatment with new strains of Lactobacillus plantarum on cognitive, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in male mice.

Psychobiotics correspond to a class of probiotics, mainly of the genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, capable of producing neuroactive substances, such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin, which exert effects on the brain-gut axis. Evidence suggests that psychobiotics can have a beneficial effect on mood, anxiety and cognition. The present study evaluated the effects of chronic administration of two new strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. plantarum 286 (Lp 286) and L. plantarum 81 (Lp 81) isolated from the fermentation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), respectively, on cognitive, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in male Swiss mice. Different groups of animals were administered (oral gavage) solutions of vehicle (0.85% saline plus 15% skim milk), Lp 286 (109/0.1 ml CFU) or Lp 81 (109/0.1 ml CFU) for 30 days, and animals were tested for general locomotor activity, depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test, and learning/memory and anxiety-like behavior in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task. Treatment with the strains Lp 286 and Lp 81 did not interfere with locomotor activity or learning and memory. The Lp 286 strain exerted anti-depressant- and anxiolytic-like effects under our experimental conditions. Our findings add to the current body of evidence suggesting that probiotics from the genus Lactobacillus may exert psychobiotic potential and introduce a new strain, Lp 286, as a potential candidate in the prevention or as therapeutic adjuvant in the treatment of mental disorders.

Ruminal fermentation kinetics of by-products using the semi-automatic technique of in-vitro gas production / Cinética de fermentação ruminal de coprodutos utilizando a técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro

The objective of this study was to develop a specific equation for the conversion of pressure values (psi) to volume (ml) for the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Western Pará. To this end, the ruminal fermentation kinetics of regional feedstuffs were evaluated using the semi-automatic technique of in-vitro gas production. To set up the targeted equation, samples of ground corn, soybean meal, rice bran, Mombasa grass, cupuassu pie, cassava residues, and banana leaves were incubated and the pressure and volumes of the gases produced during the fermentation process were measured at predetermined times and related. These data on the volume of produced gases were used to determine, by applying the bi-compartmental logistic model, the ruminal fermentation kinetics parameters. The equation found for the laboratory was V = 0.3757P2 + 1.5972P + 0.2189. Ground corn and cassava residue showed a higher degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrates (0.120 and 0.163 %/h respectively) and higher final gas volume (228.91 and 273.17 ml/g of DM, respectively). As for the degradation rate of fibrous carbohydrates, ground corn (0.023 %/h), rice bran (0.023 %/h), and cassava residue (0.021 %/h) presented the highest degradation rate. Thus, a specific equation to be used at the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Western Pará was identified, according to the method applied and the altitude of the premises. Ruminal fermentation kinetics of cassava residue and rice bran showed the same parameters as corn, which may suggest the possibility of replacing corn in the diet of ruminant animals.

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma equação específica para a conversão de valores de pressão (psi) em volume (ml) para o Laboratório de Bromatologia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará. Para tanto, avaliou-se a cinética fermentativa ruminal de rações regionais por meio da técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro. Para configurar a equação alvo, amostras de milho moído, farelo de soja, farelo de arroz, capim Mombaça, torta de cupuaçu, resíduos de mandioca e folhas de bananeira foram incubadas e a pressão e os volumes dos gases produzidos durante o processo de fermentação foram medidos em tempos predeterminados e relacionado. Esses dados de volume de gases produzidos foram utilizados para determinar, por meio da aplicação do modelo logístico bicompartimental, os parâmetros cinéticos da fermentação ruminal. A equação encontrada para o laboratório foi V = 0,3757P2 + 1,5972P + 0,2189. Milho moído e resíduo de mandioca apresentaram maior taxa de degradação de carboidratos não fibrosos (0,120 e 0,163% / h respectivamente) e maior volume final de gás (228,91 e 273,17 ml / g de MS, respectivamente). Quanto à taxa de degradação dos carboidratos fibrosos, milho moído (0,023% / h), farelo de arroz (0,023% / h) e resíduo de mandioca (0,021% / h) apresentaram as maiores taxas de degradação. Assim, foi identificada uma equação específica para ser utilizada no Laboratório de Bromatologia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, de acordo com o método aplicado e a altitude das instalações.

Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria with Probiotic Potential Isolated from the Fermentation Process of "Cupuaçu" (Theobroma grandiflorum).

In the present study, nine lactic acid bacteria isolated from the fermentation process of "cupuaçu" (Theobroma grandiflorum) were selected for probiotic use. In vitro (resistance to gastrointestinal environment, in vitro antagonism and co-aggregation with pathogens) and in vivo (intestinal colonization and ex vivo antagonism in germ-free mice, cumulative mortality, translocation to liver and spleen, histopathological examination of liver and ileum and mRNA cytokine gene expression during an experimental infection with S. Typhimurium) assays were used. Among the nine Lactobacillus strains isolated from the "cupuaçu" fermentation, L. plantarum 81 and L. plantarum 90 were selected as potential probiotics based on better results obtained in in vitro evaluations (production of diffusible inhibitory compounds and co-aggregation) as well as in vivo experiments (resistance to gastrointestinal environment, ex vivo antagonism, higher survival after enteropathogen challenge, lower hepatic translocation of enteropathogen, lower histopathological lesions in ileum and liver and anti-inflammatory pattern of immunological response). Concluding, L. plantarum 81 and L. plantarum 90 showed in vitro and in vivo capacities for probiotic use through different mechanisms of protection and its origin would allow an easier adaptation in an alimentary matrix for its administration.

Nutritional value and proteases of Lentinus citrinus produced by solid state fermentation of lignocellulosic waste from tropical region.

This paper examined the growth and yield performance of Lentinus citrinus on cupuaçu exocarp (Theobroma grandiflorum) mixed with litter (CE + LI) or rice bran (Oryza sativa) (CE + RB) in the ratio of 2:1 (800 g:200 g) to investigate the nutritional composition and proteolytic potential of the fruiting body produced. Significance values of yield were determined on substrate combinations. In CE + LI the biological efficiency of the mushrooms was 93.5% and the content of fat (4.5%), fiber (11.0%), protein (27.0%) and amino acids were higher when compared with CE + RB. Among the amino acids, the amount of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, arginine and leucine was high. The biological efficiency on CE + RB reduced to 84.2% and based on the nutritional value, carbohydrates (53.59%), energy (324.33 kcal) and minerals such as zinc, iron, copper, potassium and phosphorus were higher in this substrate combination. Protease activity from fruiting body was significant in CE + LI (463.55 U/mL). This protease showed an optimal activity at 50 °C in neutral and alkaline pH with maximum stability at 30 °C at alkaline pH. This is the first report of L. citrinus fruiting body nutritional composition with potential for human food and application in industrial processes.

Iogurte de leite de búfala com polpas de frutas da Amazônia / Buffalo milk yogurt with fruit pulp Amazon

o iogurte de leite de búfala adicionado de frutas regionais constitui alternativa econômica para o aproveitamento do leite bubalino. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar sensorialmente iogurtes elaborados com leite de búfala e adicionados de polpas de frutas da Amazônia. Foram determinadas a acidez titulável, o teor de vitamina C e a aceitação sensorial de quatro formulações. Os testes afetivos de aceitação e de atitude foram realizados com 50 provadores não treinados, utilizando escala hedônica de nove pontos. Utilizaram-se a Análise de Variância e do teste de Tukey, a 5% de nível de significância na análise dos resultados. Obtiveram- -se teores médios de vitamina C (em mg por 100g), de 210,40 (±1,99), 202,31 (±1,83), 140,13 (±1,9l) e 140,22 (±0,22); acidez titulável (em g de ácido láctico por 100g), variando entre 0,74 (±0,0l), 0,81(±0,01), 0,86 (±0,01) e 0,76 (±0,0l), respectivamente, nas formulações de iogurte de camu-camu com acerola, camu-camu com bacuri, de camu-camu e de camu-camu com cupuaçu. As formulações apresentaram boa aceitação e intenção de consumo pelos provadores, com escore sensorial na análise de aceitação acima de cinco e índice de aceitação superior a 64%. No teste de aceitação, o iogurte de cupuaçu com camu-camu diferiu significativamente dos demais, obtendo nota média, de 7,7, índice de aceitação de 85,55% e o maior percentual de intenção de consumo, 86,7%. Concluiu-se, dessa forma, que o iogurte de leite de búfala adicionado de cupuaçu e camu-camu apresentou melhor aceitação em relação aos iogurtes de camu-camu e acerola, ou bacuri ou cupuaçu. (AU)

Yoghurt of buffalo milk added regional fruit is an economical alternative to the use of buffalo milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate sensory buffalo milk yoghurt using Amazon fruit pulps. Were determined the acidity, vitamin C and sensory acceptance of four formulations. Tests of emotional acceptance and attitude were conducted with 50 untrained panelists using a hedonic scale of nine points. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% significance level. The results showed media vitamin C contents of: 210.40 (± 1.99), 202.31 (± 1.83), 140.13 (± 1.91) and 140.22 (± 0.22) mg per 100g, titritable acidity values ranged from 0.74 (± 0.01), 0.81 (± 0.01), 0.86 (± 0.01), 0.76 (± 0.01) and g of lactic acid per 100g of yoghurt, respectively, in the formulations of acerola with camu-camu, bacuri witb camu-camu, cupuaçu with camu-camu, and camu-camu only. The formulations showed good acceptance and intention to use by the judges, with sensory analysis score above five acceptance and acceptance rate exceeding 64%. In acceptance testing yogurt with cupuaçu camu-camu differed significantly from the others by getting an average score of 7.7, acceptance rate of 85.55% and the highest percentage of consumer intention, 86.7%.lt was concluded, therefore, that yogurt made from buffalo milk added cupuaçu and camu-camu showed better acceptance than the yogurts acerola and camu-camu, or bacuri or cupuaçu. (AU)

Bolo de "chocolate" produzido com pó de cupuaçu e kefir / \"Chocolate\" pound cake with cupuassu and kefir

Nos últimos anos vem ocorrendo a valorização dos recursos e produtos naturais. Cresce em todo o mundo a preocupação com a conservação do meio ambiente e a valorização dos recursos da flora e fauna. É forte a demanda por tecnologias de processo, de produto e de aplicação. Neste estudo foi utilizada formulação padronizada para bolo tipo inglês, substituindo cacau em pó por cupuaçu em pó e com adição de kefir, mantendo-se o total de sólidos. O tempo e a temperatura de assamento foram fixados em 50 minutos e 180 °C. Foram avaliados a porosidade do miolo, o perfil de textura, cor, umidade, volume específico e densidade da massa. Os resultados mostraram que a adição de pó de cupuaçu não altera as características do bolo padrão elaborado com cacau e que a adição de kefir modifica a textura e a porosidade do miolo.

In the last years, natural resources and products have gained the attention of consumers. The concern with the conservation of the environment and the importance of the flora and fauna increases in the whole world. The demand for application, product, and process technologies is strong. In this study, a control chocolate pound cake formula was used changing cocoa powder from the original formula to cupuassu powder and adding kefir, keeping the amounts of total solids. The time and temperature were fixed in 50 minutes and 180 °C. Crumb porosity, texture profile analysis (TPA), color, moisture, specific volume, and dough density were evaluated. The results showed that cupuassu powder can be used as a cocoa replacer in "chocolate" cake production and that kefir changed the texture and crumb porosity of the cake.

Seed reserves from seven species of the genus Theobroma: a review / Reservas das sementes de sete espécies de Theobroma: revisão

Many investigations on the cellular reserves within the cotyledon mesophyll of genus Theobroma have been carried out in Theobroma cacao seeds, which is the raw material source for chocolate production. These studies demonstrated the structural cellular changes due to fermentation, drying, and roasting processes during chocolate production. Recently, the seeds from T. grandiflorum ("cupuaçu") have been analyzed owing to their importance in the production of "cupulate", a new product similar to chocolate. The present work presents a review on lipid-protein, carbohydrate and polyphenolic reserves derived from T. cacao, T. grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) Schum, T. subincanum Mart , T. obovatum Bern., T. bicolor H. & B., T. microcarpum Mart and T. speciosum Mart. Cotyledon mesophyll tissue is similar in all of the studied species with respect to lipid-protein reserve. Imature cotiledonary cells show a capacity to synthesize all the reserves, however in the mature stage, these cells demonstrate predominance of lipidproteic or mucilage, or poliphenolics reserves.

Os estudos sobre as reservas das sementes do gênero Theobroma referem-se sobretudo de T. cacao L, até hoje a única fonte da matéria prima do chocolate. Essas pesquisas abordaram as mudanças bioquímicas ocorridas na semente durante a fermentação, secagem, torração ou seja das etapas de produção do chocolate. Mais recentes são os trabalhos com sementes de T. grandiflorum (cupuaçu), utilizadas na elaboração do cupulate, produto com algumas características do chocolate. Por esse motivo, os especialistas em Theobroma estão ampliando as análises com as reservas das sementes para as espécies T. grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) Schum, T. subincanum Mart, T. obovatum Bern., T. bicolor H. & B., T. microcarpum Mart e T. speciosum Mart. Como o interesse é voltado à possibilidade de ampliar as fontes de chocolate, as características estudadas nesta revisão são comparadas com T. cacao L. O mesofilo cotiledonar é semelhante em todas as espécies aqui estudadas devido a predominância de reserva lipídica e protéica. As células do cotilédone imaturo demonstram capacidade para sintetizar todas as reservas; na maturidade demonstram predominância de reservas lipídicas, protéicas ou de mucilagem ou de polifenóis.

Processamento de achocolado de cupuaçu por spray-dryer / Cupuassu chocolate drink powder processed by spray-dryer

O achocolatado de cupuaçu é uma mistura do pó de cupuaçu, açúcar, aroma e outros ingredientes constantes de formulação. Este produto formulado foi processado por spray-dryer, gerando um produto seco, pulverizado e instantaneizado. O achocolatado acrescido de água (concentrado) passa pelo spray-dryer formando glóbulos de pequeno diâmetro que são arrastados por uma corrente de ar quente. A rápida evaporação de líquido permite manter baixa a temperatura do ar na secagem, não afetando o produto. O pó de cupuaçu não dispersa prontamente em água devido ao seu conteúdo de óleo. Conseqüentemente, necessita-se de uma forma desengordurada para se obter instantaneização. A secagem por spray-dryer reúne as melhores condições de rendimento técnico em comparação com outros processos...

Formulação de "chocolate" de cupuaçu e reologia do produto líquido / Formulation of cupuassu chocolate and rheology of liquid product

O "chocolate" de cupuaçu é um produto cujo processo de fabricação consiste na transformação das amêndoas de cupuaçu (sementes após o beneficiamento) em um derivado com sabor, textura, odor e aparência semelhantes ao do chocolate elaborado com cacau. Este produto pode ser processado nas formas de pó e tabletes (meio amargo, ao leite e branco). O cupuaçu é um fruto cilíndrico, sendo que no seu interior possui sementes recorbertas inteiramente por uma massa branca e bastante espessa. O presente trabalho apresenta formulações de "chocolates" de cupuaçu (meio amargo, ao leite e branco), em que a fase gordurosa se compõe de mistura de gordura de cupuaçu...